# Benford’s law meets IPL, Intl. T20 and ODI cricket

“To grasp how different a million is from a billion, think about it like this: A million seconds is a little under two weeks; a billion seconds is about thirty-two years.”

“One of the pleasures of looking at the world through mathematical eyes is that you can see certain patterns that would otherwise be hidden.”

``               Steven Strogatz, Prof at Cornell University``

## Introduction

Within the last two weeks, I was introduced to Benford’s Law by 2 of my friends. Initially, I looked it up and Google and was quite intrigued by the law. Subsequently another friends asked me to check the ‘Digits’ episode, from the “Connected” series on Netflix by Latif Nasser, which I strongly recommend you watch.

Benford’s Law also called the Newcomb–Benford law, the law of anomalous numbers, or the First Digit Law states that, when dealing with quantities obtained from Nature, the frequency of appearance of each digit in the first significant place is logarithmic. For example, in sets that obey the law, the number 1 appears as the leading significant digit about 30.1% of the time, the number 2 about 17.6%, number 3 about 12.5% all the way to the number 9 at 4.6%. This interesting logarithmic pattern is observed in most natural datasets from population densities, river lengths, heights of skyscrapers, tax returns etc. What is really curious about this law, is that when we measure the lengths of rivers, the law holds perfectly regardless of the units used to measure. So the length of the rivers would obey the law whether we measure in meters, feet, miles etc. There is something almost mystical about this law.

The law has also been used widely to detect financial fraud, manipulations in tax statements, bots in twitter, fake accounts in social networks, image manipulation etc. In this age of deep fakes, the ability to detect fake images will assume paramount importance. While deviations from Benford Law do not always signify fraud, to large extent they point to an aberration. Prof Nigrini, of Cape Town used this law to identify financial discrepancies in Enron’s financial statement resulting in the infamous scandal. Also the 2009 Iranian election was found to be fradulent as the first digit percentages did not conform to those specified by Benford’s Law.

While it cannot be said with absolute certainty, marked deviations from Benford’s law could possibly indicate that there has been manipulation of natural processes. Possibly Benford’s law could be used to detect large scale match-fixing in cricket tournaments. However, we cannot look at this in isolation and the other statistical and forensic methods may be required to determine if there is fraud. Here is an interesting paper Promises and perils of Benford’s law

A set of numbers is said to satisfy Benford’s law if the leading digit d (d ∈ {1, …, 9}) occurs with probability

$P(d)=log_{10}(1+1/d)$

This law also works for number in other bases, in base b >=2

$P(d)=log_{b}(1+1/d)$

Interestingly, this law also applies to sports on the number of point scored in basketball etc. I was curious to see if this applied to cricket. Previously, using my R package yorkr, I had already converted all T20 data and ODI data from Cricsheet which is available at yorkrData2020, I wanted to check if Benford’s Law worked on the runs scored, or deliveries faced by batsmen at team level or at a tournament level (IPL, Intl. T20 or ODI).

Thankfully, R has a package benford.analysis to check for data behaviour in accordance to Benford’s Law, and I have used this package in my post

This post is also available in RPubs as Benford’s Law meets IPL, Intl. T20 and ODI

``````library(data.table)
library(reshape2)``````
``library(dplyr)``
``````library(benford.analysis)
library(yorkr)``````

In this post, I have randomly check data with Benford’s law. The fully converted dataset is available in yorkrData2020 which I have included above. You can try on any dataset including ODI (men,women),Intl T20(men,women),IPL,BBL,PSL,NTB and WBB.

## 1. Check the runs distribution by Royal Challengers Bangalore

We can see the behaviour is as expected with Benford’s law, with minor deviations

``````load("/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/ipl/iplBattingBowlingDetails/Royal Challengers Bangalore-BattingDetails.RData")
rcbRunsTrends = benford(battingDetails\$runs, number.of.digits = 1, discrete = T, sign = "positive")
rcbRunsTrends``````
``````##
## Benford object:
##
## Data: battingDetails\$runs
## Number of observations used = 1205
## Number of obs. for second order = 99
## First digits analysed = 1
##
## Mantissa:
##
##    Statistic  Value
##         Mean  0.458
##          Var  0.091
##  Ex.Kurtosis -1.213
##     Skewness -0.025
##
##
## The 5 largest deviations:
##
##   digits absolute.diff
## 1      1         14.26
## 2      7         13.88
## 3      9          8.14
## 4      6          5.33
## 5      4          4.78
##
## Stats:
##
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
##
## data:  battingDetails\$runs
## X-squared = 5.2091, df = 8, p-value = 0.735
##
##
##  Mantissa Arc Test
##
## data:  battingDetails\$runs
## L2 = 0.0022852, df = 2, p-value = 0.06369
##
## Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD): 0.004941381
## MAD Conformity - Nigrini (2012): Close conformity
## Distortion Factor: -18.8725
##
## Remember: Real data will never conform perfectly to Benford's Law. You should not focus on p-values!``````

## 2. Check the ‘balls played’ distribution by Royal Challengers Bangalore

``````load("/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/ipl/iplBattingBowlingDetails/Royal Challengers Bangalore-BattingDetails.RData")
rcbBallsPlayedTrends = benford(battingDetails\$ballsPlayed, number.of.digits = 1, discrete = T, sign = "positive")
plot(rcbBallsPlayedTrends)``````

## 3. Check the runs distribution by Chennai Super Kings

The trend seems to deviate from the expected behavior to some extent in the number of digits for 5 & 7.

``````load("/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/ipl/iplBattingBowlingDetails/Chennai Super Kings-BattingDetails.RData")
cskRunsTrends = benford(battingDetails\$runs, number.of.digits = 1, discrete = T, sign = "positive")
cskRunsTrends``````
``````##
## Benford object:
##
## Data: battingDetails\$runs
## Number of observations used = 1054
## Number of obs. for second order = 94
## First digits analysed = 1
##
## Mantissa:
##
##    Statistic  Value
##         Mean  0.466
##          Var  0.081
##  Ex.Kurtosis -1.100
##     Skewness -0.054
##
##
## The 5 largest deviations:
##
##   digits absolute.diff
## 1      5         27.54
## 2      2         18.40
## 3      1         17.29
## 4      9         14.23
## 5      7         14.12
##
## Stats:
##
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
##
## data:  battingDetails\$runs
## X-squared = 22.862, df = 8, p-value = 0.003545
##
##
##  Mantissa Arc Test
##
## data:  battingDetails\$runs
## L2 = 0.002376, df = 2, p-value = 0.08173
##
## Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD): 0.01309597
## MAD Conformity - Nigrini (2012): Marginally acceptable conformity
## Distortion Factor: -17.90664
##
## Remember: Real data will never conform perfectly to Benford's Law. You should not focus on p-values!``````

## 4. Check runs distribution in all of Indian Premier League (IPL)

``````battingDF <- NULL
teams <-c("Chennai Super Kings","Deccan Chargers","Delhi Daredevils",
"Kings XI Punjab", 'Kochi Tuskers Kerala',"Kolkata Knight Riders",
"Mumbai Indians", "Pune Warriors","Rajasthan Royals",
"Royal Challengers Bangalore","Sunrisers Hyderabad","Gujarat Lions",
"Rising Pune Supergiants")

setwd("/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/ipl/iplBattingBowlingDetails")
for(team in teams){
battingDetails <- NULL
val <- paste(team,"-BattingDetails.RData",sep="")
print(val)
tryCatch(load(val),
error = function(e) {
print("No data1")
setNext=TRUE
}

)
details <- battingDetails
battingDF <- rbind(battingDF,details)
}``````
``````## [1] "Chennai Super Kings-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Deccan Chargers-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Delhi Daredevils-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Kings XI Punjab-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Kochi Tuskers Kerala-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Kolkata Knight Riders-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Mumbai Indians-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Pune Warriors-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Rajasthan Royals-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Royal Challengers Bangalore-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Sunrisers Hyderabad-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Gujarat Lions-BattingDetails.RData"
## [1] "Rising Pune Supergiants-BattingDetails.RData"``````
``````trends = benford(battingDF\$runs, number.of.digits = 1, discrete = T, sign = "positive")
trends``````
``````##
## Benford object:
##
## Data: battingDF\$runs
## Number of observations used = 10129
## Number of obs. for second order = 123
## First digits analysed = 1
##
## Mantissa:
##
##    Statistic   Value
##         Mean  0.4521
##          Var  0.0856
##  Ex.Kurtosis -1.1570
##     Skewness -0.0033
##
##
## The 5 largest deviations:
##
##   digits absolute.diff
## 1      2        159.37
## 2      9        121.48
## 3      7         93.40
## 4      8         83.12
## 5      1         61.87
##
## Stats:
##
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
##
## data:  battingDF\$runs
## X-squared = 78.166, df = 8, p-value = 1.143e-13
##
##
##  Mantissa Arc Test
##
## data:  battingDF\$runs
## L2 = 5.8237e-05, df = 2, p-value = 0.5544
##
## Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD): 0.006627966
## MAD Conformity - Nigrini (2012): Acceptable conformity
## Distortion Factor: -20.90333
##
## Remember: Real data will never conform perfectly to Benford's Law. You should not focus on p-values!``````

## 5. Check Benford’s law in India matches

``````setwd("/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/t20/t20BattingBowlingDetails")
load("India-BattingDetails.RData")

indiaTrends = benford(battingDetails\$runs, number.of.digits = 1, discrete = T, sign = "positive")
plot(indiaTrends)``````

## 6. Check Benford’s law in all of Intl. T20

``````setwd("/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/t20/t20BattingBowlingDetails")
teams <-c("Australia","India","Pakistan","West Indies", 'Sri Lanka',
"England", "Bangladesh","Netherlands","Scotland", "Afghanistan",
"Zimbabwe","Ireland","New Zealand","South Africa","Canada",
"Bermuda","Kenya","Hong Kong","Nepal","Oman","Papua New Guinea",
"United Arab Emirates","Namibia","Cayman Islands","Singapore",
"United States of America","Bhutan","Maldives","Botswana","Nigeria",
"Denmark","Germany","Jersey","Norway","Qatar","Malaysia","Vanuatu",
"Thailand")

for(team in teams){
battingDetails <- NULL
val <- paste(team,"-BattingDetails.RData",sep="")
print(val)
tryCatch(load(val),
error = function(e) {
print("No data1")
setNext=TRUE
}

)
details <- battingDetails
battingDF <- rbind(battingDF,details)

}
``````intlT20Trends = benford(battingDF\$runs, number.of.digits = 1, discrete = T, sign = "positive")
intlT20Trends``````
``````##
## Benford object:
##
## Data: battingDF\$runs
## Number of observations used = 21833
## Number of obs. for second order = 131
## First digits analysed = 1
##
## Mantissa:
##
##    Statistic  Value
##         Mean  0.447
##          Var  0.085
##  Ex.Kurtosis -1.158
##     Skewness  0.018
##
##
## The 5 largest deviations:
##
##   digits absolute.diff
## 1      2        361.40
## 2      9        276.02
## 3      1        264.61
## 4      7        210.14
## 5      8        198.81
##
## Stats:
##
##  Pearson's Chi-squared test
##
## data:  battingDF\$runs
## X-squared = 202.29, df = 8, p-value < 2.2e-16
##
##
##  Mantissa Arc Test
##
## data:  battingDF\$runs
## L2 = 5.3983e-06, df = 2, p-value = 0.8888
##
## Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD): 0.007821098
## MAD Conformity - Nigrini (2012): Acceptable conformity
## Distortion Factor: -24.11086
##
## Remember: Real data will never conform perfectly to Benford's Law. You should not focus on p-values!``````

## Conclusion

Maths rules our lives, more than we are aware, more that we like to admit. It is there in all of nature. Whether it is the recursive patterns of Mandelbrot sets, the intrinsic notion of beauty through the golden ratio, the murmuration of swallows, the synchronous blinking of fireflies or in the almost univerality of Benford’s law on natural datasets, mathematics govern us.

Isn’t it strange that while we humans pride ourselves of freewill, the runs scored by batsmen in particular formats conform to Benford’s rule for the first digits. It almost looks like, the runs that will be scored is almost to extent predetermined to fall within specified ranges obeying Benford’s law. So much for choice.

Something to be pondered over!

Also see

# Revitalizing R package yorkr

There is nothing so useless as doing efficiently that which should not be done at all. Peter Drucker

The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn’t being said. Peter Drucker

“Work expands to fill the time available for its completion.” Corollary: “Expenditure rises to meet income.” Parkinson’s law

## Introduction

“Operation successful!!!the Programmer Surgeon in me, thought to himself. What should have been a routine surgery, turned out to be a major operation in the end, which involved several grueling hours. The surgeon looked at the large chunks of programming logic in the operation tray, which had been surgically removed, as they had outlived their utility and had partly become dysfunctional. The surgeon glanced at the new, concise code logic which had replaced the earlier somewhat convoluted logic, with a smile of satisfaction,

To, those who tuned in late, I am referring to my R package yorkr which I had created in many years ago, in early 2016. The package had worked well for quite some time on data from Cricsheet. Cricsheet went into a hiatus in late 2017-2018, and came alive back in 2019. Unfortunately, a key function in the package, started to malfunction. The diagnosis was that the format of the YAML files had changed, in newer files, which resulted in the problem. I had got mails from users mentioning that yorkr was not converting the new YAML files. This was on my to do list for a long time, and a week or two back, I decided to “bite the bullet” and fix the issue. I hoped the fix would be trivial but it was anything but. Finally, I took the hard decision of re-designing the core of the yorkr package, which involved converting YAML files to RData (dataframes). Also, since it has been a while since I did R code, having done more of Python stuff in recent times, I had to jog my memory with my earlier 2 posts Essential R and R vs Python

I spent many hours, tweaking and fixing the new logic so that it worked on the older and new files. Finally, I am happy to say that the new code is much more compact and probably less error prone.

I also had to ensure that the converted files performed exactly on all the other yorkr functions. I ran all the my yorkr functions in my yorkr posts on ODI, Intl. T20 and IPL and made sure the results were identical. (Phew!!)

The changes will be available in CRAN in yorkr_0.0.8

Do take a look at my yorkr posts. All the functions work correctly. Do use help, as I have changed a few functions. I will have my posts reflect the correct usage, but some function or other may slip the cracks.

1. One Day Internationals ODI-Part1ODI-Part2ODI-Part3ODI-Part4
2. International T20s – T20-Part1,T20-Part2,T20-Part3,T20-Part4
3. Indian Premier League IPL-Part1IPL-Part2,IPL-Part3IPL-Part4

While making the changes, I also touched up some functions and made them more user friendly (added additional arguments etc). But by and large, yorkr is still yorkr and is intact.It just sports some spanking, new YAML conversion logic.

Note:

1. The code is available in Github yorkr
2. This RMarkdown has been published at RPubs Revitalizing yorkr
3. I have already converted the YAML files for ODI, Intl T20 and IPL. You can access and download the converted data from Github at yorkrData2020
``````setwd("/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrgit")
install.packages("yorkr_0.0.8.tar.gz",repos = NULL, type="source")
library(yorkr)``````

Checkout my interactive Shiny apps GooglyPlus2021 (interactive plots ) and GooglyPlusPlus2021 (analysis in specific intervals) which can be used to analyze IPL players, teams and matches.

Below I rank batsmen and bowlers in ODIs, T20 and IPL based on the data from Cricsheet.

## 1a. Rank ODI Batsmen

``````dir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/odi/odiMenMatches"
odir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/odi/odiBattingBowlingDetails"

rankODIBatsmen(dir=dir,odir=odir,minMatches=50)``````

``````## # A tibble: 151 x 4
##    batsman        matches meanRuns meanSR
##    <chr>            <int>    <dbl>  <dbl>
##  1 Babar Azam          52     50.2   87.2
##  2 SD Hope             51     48.7   71.0
##  3 V Kohli            207     48.4   79.4
##  4 HM Amla            159     46.6   82.4
##  5 DA Warner          114     46.1   88.0
##  6 AB de Villiers     190     45.5   94.5
##  7 JE Root            108     44.9   82.5
##  8 SR Tendulkar        96     43.9   77.1
##  9 IJL Trott           63     43.1   68.9
## 10 Q de Kock          106     42.0   82.7
## # … with 141 more rows``````

## 1b. Rank ODI Bowlers

``````dir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/odi/odiMenMatches"
odir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/odi/odiBattingBowlingDetails"

rankODIBowlers(dir=dir,odir=odir,minMatches=30)``````
``````## # A tibble: 265 x 4
##    bowler           matches totalWickets meanER
##    <chr>              <int>        <dbl>  <dbl>
##  1 SL Malinga           191          308   5.25
##  2 MG Johnson           142          238   4.73
##  3 Shakib Al Hasan      157          214   4.72
##  4 Shahid Afridi        166          213   4.69
##  5 JM Anderson          143          207   4.96
##  6 KMDN Kulasekara      161          190   4.94
##  7 SCJ Broad            115          189   5.31
##  8 DW Steyn             114          188   4.96
##  9 Mashrafe Mortaza     139          180   4.97
## 10 Saeed Ajmal          106          180   4.17
## # … with 255 more rows``````

## 2a. Rank T20 Batsmen

``````dir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/t20/t20MenMatches"
odir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/t20/t20BattingBowlingDetails"

rankT20Batsmen(dir=dir,odir=odir,minMatches=50)``````
``````## # A tibble: 43 x 4
##    batsman          matches meanRuns meanSR
##    <chr>              <int>    <dbl>  <dbl>
##  1 V Kohli               61     39.0   132.
##  2 Mohammad Shahzad      52     31.8   123.
##  3 CH Gayle              50     31.1   124.
##  4 BB McCullum           69     30.7   126.
##  5 PR Stirling           66     29.6   116.
##  6 MJ Guptill            70     29.6   125.
##  7 DA Warner             75     29.1   128.
##  8 AD Hales              50     28.1   120.
##  9 TM Dilshan            78     26.7   105.
## 10 RG Sharma             72     26.4   120.
## # … with 33 more rows``````

## 2b. Rank T20 Bowlers

``````dir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/t20/t20MenMatches"
odir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/t20/t20BattingBowlingDetails"

rankT20Bowlers(dir=dir,odir=odir,,minMatches=30)``````

``````## # A tibble: 153 x 4
##    bowler          matches totalWickets meanER
##    <chr>             <int>        <dbl>  <dbl>
##  1 SL Malinga           78          115   7.39
##  2 Shahid Afridi        89           98   6.80
##  3 Saeed Ajmal          62           92   6.30
##  4 Umar Gul             56           87   7.40
##  5 KMDN Kulasekara      56           72   7.25
##  6 TG Southee           55           69   8.68
##  7 DJ Bravo             60           69   8.41
##  8 DW Steyn             47           69   7.00
##  9 Shakib Al Hasan      57           69   6.82
## 10 SCJ Broad            55           68   7.83
## # … with 143 more rows``````

## 3a. Rank IPL Batsmen

``````dir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/ipl/iplMatches"
odir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/ipl/iplBattingBowlingDetails"

rankIPLBatsmen(dir=dir,odir=odir,,minMatches=50)``````
``````## # A tibble: 69 x 4
##    batsman        matches meanRuns meanSR
##    <chr>            <int>    <dbl>  <dbl>
##  1 DA Warner          130     37.9   128.
##  2 CH Gayle           125     36.2   134.
##  3 SE Marsh            67     35.9   120.
##  4 MEK Hussey          59     33.8   105.
##  5 KL Rahul            59     33.5   128.
##  6 V Kohli            175     31.6   119.
##  7 AM Rahane          116     30.7   108.
##  8 AB de Villiers     141     30.3   135.
##  9 F du Plessis        65     29.4   117.
## 10 S Dhawan           140     29.0   114.
## # … with 59 more rows``````

## 3a. Rank IPL Bowlers

``````dir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/ipl/iplMatches"
odir="/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/cricket-package/yorkr-cricsheet/yorkrData2020/ipl/iplBattingBowlingDetails"

rankIPLBowlers(dir=dir,odir=odir,,minMatches=30)``````
``````## # A tibble: 143 x 4
##    bowler          matches totalWickets meanER
##    <chr>             <int>        <dbl>  <dbl>
##  1 SL Malinga          120          184   6.99
##  2 SP Narine           108          137   6.71
##  3 Harbhajan Singh     131          134   7.11
##  4 DJ Bravo             85          118   8.18
##  5 B Kumar              86          116   7.43
##  6 YS Chahal            82          102   7.85
##  7 R Ashwin             92           98   6.81
##  8 JJ Bumrah            76           91   7.47
##  9 PP Chawla            85           87   8.02
## 10 RA Jadeja            89           85   7.93
## # … with 133 more rows``````

##Conclusion

Go ahead and give yorkr a spin once yorkr_0.0.8 is available in CRAN. I hope you have fun. Do get back to me if you have any issues.

I’ll be back. Watch this space!!

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To see all posts click Index of posts

# Big Data-5: kNiFi-ing through cricket data with yorkpy

“The temptation to form premature theories upon insufficient data is the bane of our profession.”

Sherlock Holmes in the Valley of fear by Arthur Conan Doyle

“If we have data, let’s look at data. If all we have are opinions, let’s go with mine.”

Jim Barksdale, former CEO Netscape

In this post I use  Apache NiFi Dataflow Pipeline along with my Python package yorkpy to crunch through cricket data from Cricsheet. The Data Pipelne  flows all the way from the source  to target analytics output. Apache NiFi was created to automate the flow of data between systems.  NiFi dataflows enable the automated and managed flow of information between systems. This post automates the flow of data from Cricsheet, from where the zip file it is downloaded, unpacked, processed, transformed and finally T20 players are ranked.

While this is a straight forward example of what can be done, this pattern can be applied to real Big Data systems. For example hypothetically, we could consider that we get several parallel streams of  cricket data or for that matter any sports related data. There could be parallel Data flow pipelines that get the data from the sources. This would then be  followed by data transformation modules and finally a module for generating analytics. At the other end a UI based on AngularJS or ReactJS could display the results in a cool and awesome way.

Incidentally, the NiFi pipeline that I discuss in this post, is a simplistic example, and does not use the Big Data stack like HDFS, Hive, Spark etc. Nevertheless, the pattern used, has all the modules for a Big Data pipeline namely ingestion, unpacking, transformation and finally analytics. This NiF pipeline demonstrates the flow using the regular file system of Mac and my python based package yorkpy. The concepts mentioned could be used in a real Big Data scenario which has much fatter pipes of data coming. If  this was the case the NiFi pipeline would utilize  HDFS/Hive for storing the ingested data and Pyspark/Scala for the transformation and analytics and other related technologies.

A pictorial representation is given below

In the diagram above each of the vertical boxes could be any technology from the ever proliferating Big Data stack namely HDFS, Hive, Spark, Sqoop, Kafka, Impala and so on.  Such a dataflow automation could be created when any big sporting event happens, as long as the data generated large, and there is a need for dynamic and automated reporting. The UI could be based on AngularJS/ReactJS and could display analytical tables and charts.

This post demonstrates one such scenario in which IPL T20 data is downloaded from Cricsheet site, unpacked and stored in a specific directory. This dataflow automation is based on my yorkpy package. To know more about the yorkpy package  see Pitching yorkpy … short of good length to IPL – Part 1  and the associated parts. The zip file, from Cricsheet, contains individual IPL T20 matches in YAML format. The convertYaml2DataframeT20() function is used to convert the YAML files into Pandas dataframes before storing them as CSV files. After this done, the function rankIPLT20batting() function is used to perform the overall ranking of the T20 players. My yorkpy Python package has about ~ 50+ functions that perform various analytics on any T20 data for e.g it has the following classes of functions

• analyze T20 matches
• analyze performance of a T20 team in all matches against another T20 team
• analyze performance of a T20 team against all other T20 teams
• analyze performance of T20 batsman and bowlers
• rank T20 batsmen and bowlers

The functions of yorkpy generate tables or charts. While this post demonstrates one scenario, we could use any of the yorkpy T20 functions, generate the output and display on a widget in the UI display, created with cool technologies like AngularJS/ReactJS,  possibly in near real time as data keeps coming in.,

To use yorkpy with NiFI the following packages have to be installed in your environment

-pip install yorkpy
-pip install pyyaml
-pip install pandas
-yum install python-devel (equivalent in Windows)
-pip install matplotlib
-pip install seaborn
-pip install sklearn
-pip install datetime

I have created a video of the NiFi Pipeline with the real dataflow fro source to the ranked IPL T20 batsmen. Take a look at RankingT20PlayersWithNiFiYorkpy

You can clone/fork the NiFi template from rankT20withNiFiYorkpy

The NiFi Data Flow Automation is shown below

## 1. Overall flow

The overall NiFi flow contains 2 Process Groups a) DownloadAnd Unpack. b) Convert and Rank IPL batsmen. While it appears that the Process Groups are disconnected, they are not. The first process group downloads the T20 zip file, unpacks the. zip file and saves the YAML files in a specific folder. The second process group monitors this folder and starts processing as soon the YAML files are available. It processes the YAML converting it into dataframes before storing it as CSV file. The next  processor then does the actual ranking of the batsmen before writing the output into IPLrank.txt

### 1.1 DownloadAndUnpack Process Group

This process group is shown below

#### 1.1.1 GetT20Data

The GetT20Data Processor downloads the zip file given the URL

The \${T20data} variable points to the specific T20 format that needs to be downloaded. I have set this to https://cricsheet.org/downloads/ipl.zip. This could be set any other data set. In fact we could have parallel data flows for different T20/ Sports data sets and generate

#### 1.1.2 SaveUnpackedData

This processor stores the YAML files in a predetermined folder, so that the data can be picked up  by the 2nd Process Group for processing

### 1.2 ProcessAndRankT20Players Process Group

This is the second process group which converts the YAML files to pandas dataframes before storing them as. CSV files. The RankIPLPlayers will then read all the CSV files, stack them and then proceed to rank the IPL players. The Process Group is shown below

#### 1.2.1 ListFile and FetchFile Processors

The left 2 Processors ListFile and FetchFile get all the YAML files from the folder and pass it to the next processor

#### 1.2.2 convertYaml2DataFrame Processor

The convertYaml2DataFrame Processor uses the ExecuteStreamCommand which call a python script. The Python script invoked the yorkpy function convertYaml2Dataframe() as shown below

The \${convertYaml2Dataframe} variable points to the python file below which invoked the yorkpy function yka.convertYaml2PandasDataframeT20()

```import yorkpy.analytics as yka
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='convert')
parser.add_argument("yamlFile",help="YAML File")
args=parser.parse_args()
yamlFile=args.yamlFile
yka.convertYaml2PandasDataframeT20(yamlFile,"/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/nifi/ipl","/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/nifi/ipldata")```

This function takes as input \$filename which comes from FetchFile processor which is a FlowFile. So I have added a concurrency of 8  to handle upto 8 Flowfiles at a time. The thumb rule as I read on the internet is 2x, 4x the number of cores of your system. Since I have an 8 core Mac, I could possibly have gone ~ 30 concurrent threads. Also the number of concurrent threads is less when the flow is run in a Oracle Box VirtualMachine. Box since a vCore < actual Core

The scheduling tab is as below

Here are the 8 concurrent Python threads on Mac at bottom right… (pretty cool!)

I have not fully tested how latency vs throughput slider changes, affects the performance.

#### 1.2.3 MergeContent Processor

This processor’s only job is to trigger the rankIPLPlayers when all the FlowFiles have merged into 1 file.

#### 1.2.4 RankT20Players

This processor is an ExecuteStreamCommand Processor that executes a Python script which invokes a yorkpy function rankIPLT20Batting()

```import yorkpy.analytics as yka
rank=yka.rankIPLT20Batting("/Users/tvganesh/backup/software/nifi/ipldata")
print(rank.head(15))
```

#### 1.2.5 OutputRankofT20Player Processor

This processor writes the generated rank to an output file.

### 1.3 Final Ranking of IPL T20 players

The Nodejs based web server picks up this file and displays on the web page the final ranks (the code is based on a good youtube for reading from file)

## 2. Final thoughts

As I have mentioned above though the above NiFi Cricket Dataflow automation does not use the Hadoop ecosystem, the pattern used is valid and can be used with some customization in Big Data flows as parallel stream. I could have also done this on Oracle VirtualBox but I thought since the code is based on Python and Pandas there is no real advantage of running on the VirtualBox.  GIve the NiFi flow a shot. Have fun!!!

To see all posts click Index of posts

# Ranking T20 players in Intl T20, IPL, BBL and Natwest using yorkpy

There is a voice that doesn’t use words, listen.
When someone beats a rug, the blows are not against the rug, but against the dust in it.
I lost my hat while gazing at the moon, and then I lost my mind.
Rumi

## Introduction

After a long hiatus, I am back to my big, bad, blogging ways! In this post I rank T20 players from several different leagues namely

• International T20
• Indian Premier League (IPL) T20
• Big Bash League (BBL) T20
• Natwest Blast (NTB) T20

I have added 8 new functions to my Python Package yorkpy, which will perform the ranking for the above 4 T20 League formats. To know more about my Python package see Pitching yorkpy . short of good length to IPL – Part 1, and the related posts on yorkpy. The code can be easily extended to other leagues which have a the same ‘yaml’ format for the matches. I also fixed some issues which started to crop up, possibly because a few things have changed in the new data.

The new functions are

1. rankIntlT20Batting()
2. rankIntlT20Batting()
3. rankIPLT20Batting()
4. rankIPLT20Batting
5. rankBBLT20Batting()
6. rankBBLT20Batting()
7. rankNTBT20Batting()
8. rankNTBT20Batting()

The yorkpy package uses data from Cricsheet

You can clone/fork the code for yorkpy at yorkpy

You can download the PDF of the post from Rank T20

yorkpy can be installed with ‘pip install yorkpy

## 1. International T20

The steps to do before ranking for International T20 matches are 1. Download International T20 zip file from Cricsheet Intl T20 2. Unzip the file. This will create a folder with yaml files

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
#yka.convertAllYaml2PandasDataframesT20("../t20s","../data")``````

This above step will convert the yaml files into CSV files. Now do the ranking as below

## 1a. Ranking of International T20 batsmen

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
intlT20RankBatting=yka.rankIntlT20Batting("C:\\software\\cricket-package\\yorkpyPkg\\data\\data")
intlT20RankBatting.head(15)``````
``````##                      matches  runs_mean     SR_mean
## batsman
## V Kohli                   58  38.672414  125.212402
## KS Williamson             42  32.595238  122.884631
## Mohammad Shahzad          52  31.942308  118.212288
## CH Gayle                  50  31.140000  111.869984
## BB McCullum               69  29.492754  117.011666
## MM Lanning                48  28.812500   98.582663
## SJ Taylor                 44  28.659091   98.684856
## MJ Guptill                68  28.573529  117.673702
## DA Warner                 71  28.507042  121.142746
## DPMD Jayawardene          53  27.584906  107.787092
## KC Sangakkara             54  26.407407  106.039838
## JP Duminy                 68  26.294118  114.606717
## TM Dilshan                78  26.243590   97.910384
## RG Sharma                 65  25.907692  113.056548
## H Masakadza               53  25.566038   99.453880``````

## 1b. Ranking of International T20 bowlers

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
intlT20RankBowling=yka.rankIntlT20Bowling("C:\\software\\cricket-package\\yorkpyPkg\\data\\data")``````
``intlT20RankBowling.head(15)``
``````##                       matches  wicket_mean  econrate_mean
## bowler
## Umar Gul                   58     1.603448       7.637931
## SL Malinga                 78     1.500000       7.409188
## Saeed Ajmal                63     1.492063       6.451058
## DW Steyn                   46     1.478261       7.014855
## A Shrubsole                45     1.422222       6.294444
## M Morkel                   41     1.292683       7.680894
## KMDN Kulasekara            57     1.280702       7.476608
## TG Southee                 51     1.274510       8.759804
## SCJ Broad                  53     1.264151            inf
## Shakib Al Hasan            58     1.241379       6.836207
## R Ashwin                   44     1.204545       7.162879
## Nida Dar                   44     1.204545       6.083333
## KH Brunt                   44     1.204545       5.982955
## KD Mills                   42     1.166667       8.289683
## SR Watson                  46     1.152174       8.246377``````

## 2. Indian Premier League (IPL) T20

The steps to do before ranking for IPL T20 matches are 1. Download IPL T20 zip file from Cricsheet IPL T20 2. Unzip the file. This will create a folder with yaml files

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
#yka.convertAllYaml2PandasDataframesT20("../ipl","../ipldata")``````

This above step will convert the yaml files into CSV files in the /ipldata folder. Now do the ranking as below

## 2a. Ranking of batsmen in IPL T20

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
IPLT20RankBatting=yka.rankIPLT20Batting("C:\\software\\cricket-package\\yorkpyPkg\\data\\ipldata")
IPLT20RankBatting.head(15)``````
``````##                    matches  runs_mean     SR_mean
## batsman
## DA Warner              129  37.589147  119.917864
## CH Gayle               123  36.723577  125.256818
## SE Marsh                70  36.314286  114.707578
## KL Rahul                59  33.542373  123.424971
## MEK Hussey              60  33.400000  100.439187
## V Kohli                174  32.413793  115.830849
## KS Williamson           42  31.690476  120.443172
## AB de Villiers         143  30.923077  128.967081
## JC Buttler              45  30.800000  132.561154
## AM Rahane              118  30.330508  102.240398
## SR Tendulkar            79  29.949367  101.651959
## F du Plessis            65  29.415385  112.462114
## Q de Kock               51  29.333333  110.973836
## SS Iyer                 47  29.170213  102.144222
## G Gambhir              155  28.741935  103.997558``````

## 2b. Ranking of bowlers in IPL T20

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
IPLT20RankBowling=yka.rankIPLT20Bowling("C:\\software\\cricket-package\\yorkpyPkg\\data\\ipldata")
IPLT20RankBowling.head(15)``````
``````##                      matches  wicket_mean  econrate_mean
## bowler
## SL Malinga               122     1.540984       7.173361
## Imran Tahir               43     1.465116       8.155039
## A Nehra                   88     1.375000       7.923295
## MJ McClenaghan            56     1.339286       8.638393
## Rashid Khan               46     1.304348       6.543478
## Sandeep Sharma            79     1.303797       7.860759
## MM Patel                  63     1.301587       7.530423
## DJ Bravo                 131     1.282443       8.458333
## M Morkel                  70     1.257143       7.760714
## SP Narine                109     1.256881       6.747706
## YS Chahal                 83     1.228916       8.103659
## R Vinay Kumar            104     1.221154       8.556090
## RP Singh                  82     1.219512       8.149390
## CH Morris                 52     1.211538       7.854167
## B Kumar                  117     1.205128       7.536325``````

## 3. Natwest T20

The steps to do before ranking for Natwest T20 matches are 1. Download Natwest T20 zip file from Cricsheet NTB T20 2. Unzip the file. This will create a folder with yaml files

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
#yka.convertAllYaml2PandasDataframesT20("../ntb","../ntbdata")``````

This above step will convert the yaml files into CSV files in the /ntbdata folder. Now do the ranking as below

## 3a. Ranking of NTB batsmen

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
NTBT20RankBatting=yka.rankNTBT20Batting("C:\\software\\cricket-package\\yorkpyPkg\\data\\ntbdata")
NTBT20RankBatting.head(15)``````
``````##                      matches  runs_mean     SR_mean
## batsman
## Babar Azam                13  44.461538  121.268809
## T Banton                  13  42.230769  139.376274
## JJ Roy                    12  41.250000  142.182147
## DJM Short                 12  40.250000  131.182294
## AN Petersen               12  37.916667  132.522727
## IR Bell                   13  37.615385  130.104721
## M Klinger                 26  35.346154  112.682922
## EJG Morgan                16  35.062500  129.817650
## AJ Finch                  19  34.578947  137.093465
## MH Wessels                26  33.884615  116.300969
## S Steel                   11  33.545455  140.118207
## DJ Bell-Drummond          21  33.142857  108.566309
## Ashar Zaidi               11  33.000000  178.553331
## DJ Malan                  26  33.000000  120.127202
## T Kohler-Cadmore          23  32.956522  112.493019``````

## 3b. Ranking of NTB bowlers

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
NTBT20RankBowling=yka.rankNTBT20Bowling("C:\\software\\cricket-package\\yorkpyPkg\\data\\ntbdata")
NTBT20RankBowling.head(15)``````
``````##                        matches  wicket_mean  econrate_mean
## bowler
## MW Parkinson                11     2.000000       7.628788
## HF Gurney                   23     1.956522       8.831884
## GR Napier                   12     1.916667       8.694444
## R Rampaul                   19     1.736842       7.131579
## P Coughlin                  11     1.727273       8.909091
## AJ Tye                      26     1.692308       8.227564
## GC Viljoen                  12     1.666667       7.708333
## BAC Howell                  21     1.666667       6.857143
## BW Sanderson                12     1.583333       7.902778
## KJ Abbott                   14     1.571429       9.398810
## JE Taylor                   13     1.538462       9.839744
## JDS Neesham                 12     1.500000      10.812500
## MJ Potts                    12     1.500000       8.486111
## TT Bresnan                  21     1.476190       8.817460
## T van der Gugten            13     1.461538       7.211538``````

## 4. Big Bash Leagure (BBL) T20

The steps to do before ranking for BBL T20 matches are 1. Download BBL T20 zip file from Cricsheet BBL T20 2. Unzip the file. This will create a folder with yaml files

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
#yka.convertAllYaml2PandasDataframesT20("../bbl","../bbldata")``````

This above step will convert the yaml files into CSV files in the /bbldata folder. Now do the ranking as below

## 4a. Ranking of BBL batsmen

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
BBLT20RankBatting=yka.rankBBLT20Batting("C:\\software\\cricket-package\\yorkpyPkg\\data\\bbldata")
BBLT20RankBatting.head(15)``````
``````##                 matches  runs_mean     SR_mean
## batsman
## DJM Short            43  40.883721  118.773047
## SE Marsh             47  39.148936  113.616053
## AJ Finch             62  36.306452  120.271231
## AT Carey             37  34.945946  120.125341
## UT Khawaja           41  31.268293  107.355655
## CA Lynn              74  31.162162  121.746578
## MS Wade              46  30.782609  120.310081
## TM Head              45  30.000000  126.769564
## MEK Hussey           23  29.173913  109.492934
## BJ Hodge             29  29.000000  124.438040
## BR Dunk              39  28.230769  106.149913
## AD Hales             31  27.161290  117.678008
## BB McCullum          34  27.058824  115.486392
## GJ Bailey            57  27.000000  121.159220
## MR Marsh             47  26.510638  114.994909``````

## 4b. Ranking of BBL bowlers

``````import yorkpy.analytics as yka
BBLT20RankBowling=yka.rankBBLT20Bowling("C:\\software\\cricket-package\\yorkpyPkg\\data\\bbldata")
BBLT20RankBowling.head(15)``````
``````##                    matches  wicket_mean  econrate_mean
## bowler
## Yasir Arafat            15     2.000000       7.587778
## CH Morris               15     1.733333       8.572222
## TK Curran               27     1.629630       8.716049
## TT Bresnan              13     1.615385       8.775641
## JR Hazlewood            18     1.555556       7.361111
## CJ McKay                15     1.533333       8.555556
## DR Sams                 36     1.527778       8.581019
## AC McDermott            14     1.500000       9.166667
## JP Faulkner             20     1.500000       8.345833
## SP Narine               12     1.500000       7.395833
## AJ Tye                  51     1.490196       8.101307
## M Kelly                 21     1.476190       8.908730
## SA Abbott               73     1.438356       8.737443
## B Laughlin              82     1.426829       8.332317
## SW Tait                 31     1.419355       8.895161``````

## Conclusion

You should be able to now rank players in the above formats as new data is added to Cricsheet. yorkpy can also be used for other leagues which follow the Cricsheet format.

To see all posts click Index of posts

# Updated:Analyzing performance of cricketers and cricket teams with cricketr templates

Note: I have included the latest set of functions that perform granular analysis of batsmen and bowlers to the cricketr template below! You can download this RMarkdown file from Github at cricketr-template

This post includes a template which you can use for analyzing the performances of cricketers, both batsmen and bowlers in Test, ODI and Twenty 20 cricket. Additionally this template can also be used for analyzing performancs of teams in Test, ODI and T20 matches using my R package cricketr. To see actual usage of functions related to players in the R package cricketr see Introducing cricketr! : An R package to analyze performances of cricketers and associated posts on cricket in Index of posts. For the analyses on team performances see https://gigadom.in/2019/06/21/cricpy-adds-team-analytics-to-its-repertoire/

The ‘cricketr’ package uses the statistics info available in ESPN Cricinfo Statsguru. The current version of this package supports all formats of the game including Test, ODI and Twenty20 versions.

You should be able to install the package from GitHub and use the many functions available in the package. Please mindful of the ESPN Cricinfo Terms of Use

Take a look at my short video tutorial on my R package cricketr on Youtube – R package cricketr – A short tutorial

Do check out my interactive Shiny app implementation using the cricketr package – Sixer – R package cricketr’s new Shiny avatar

# The cricketr package

The cricketr package has several functions that perform several different analyses on both batsman and bowlers. The package can also analyze performances of teams The package has function that plot percentage frequency runs or wickets, runs likelihood for a batsman, relative run/strike rates of batsman and relative performance/economy rate for bowlers are available. Other interesting functions include batting performance moving average, forecast and a function to check whether the batsmans in in-form or out-of-form.

In addition performances of teams against different oppositions at different venues can be computed and plotted. The timeline of wins & losses can be plotted.

## A. Performances of batsmen and bowlers

The data for a particular player can be obtained with the getPlayerData() function. To do you will need to go to ESPN CricInfo Player and type in the name of the player for e.g Ricky Ponting, Sachin Tendulkar etc. This will bring up a page which have the profile number for the player e.g. for Sachin Tendulkar this would be http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/35320.html. Hence, Sachin’s profile is 35320. This can be used to get the data for Tendulkar as shown below

The cricketr package is now available from CRAN!!! You should be able to install directly with

### 1. Install the cricketr package

``````if (!require("cricketr")){
install.packages("cricketr",lib = "c:/test")
}
library(cricketr)``````

The cricketr package includes some pre-packaged sample (.csv) files. You can use these sample to test functions as shown below

``````# Retrieve the file path of a data file installed with cricketr
#pathToFile <- system.file("data", "tendulkar.csv", package = "cricketr")
#batsman4s(pathToFile, "Sachin Tendulkar")

# The general format is pkg-function(pathToFile,par1,...)
#batsman4s(<path-To-File>,"Sachin Tendulkar")``````

“` The pre-packaged files can be accessed as shown above. To get the data of any player use the function in Test, ODI and Twenty20 use the following

### 2. For Test cricket

``#tendulkar <- getPlayerData(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkar.csv",type="batting",homeOrAway=c(1,2), result=c(1,2,4))``

### 2a. For ODI cricket

``#tendulkarOD <- getPlayerDataOD(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkarOD.csv",type="batting")``

### 2b For Twenty 20 cricket

``#tendulkarT20 <- getPlayerDataTT(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkarT20.csv",type="batting")``

Important Note 1 This needs to be done only once for a player. This function stores the player’s data in a CSV file (for e.g. tendulkar.csv as above) which can then be reused for all other functions. Once we have the data for the players many analyses can be done. This post will use the stored CSV file obtained with a prior getPlayerData for all subsequent analyses

Important Note 2 The same set of functions can be used for Tests, ODI and T20s. I have mentioned wherever you may need special functions for ODI and T20 below

## Sachin Tendulkar’s performance – Basic Analyses

The 3 plots below provide the following for Tendulkar

1. Frequency percentage of runs in each run range over the whole career
2. Mean Strike Rate for runs scored in the given range
3. A histogram of runs frequency percentages in runs ranges For example

### 3. Basic analyses

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
#batsmanRunsRanges("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
1. Player 1
2. Player 2
3. Player 3
4. Player 4

### 4. More analyses

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsman6s("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player1.csv","Player1")

# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsman6s("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player2.csv","Player2")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsman6s("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player3.csv","Player3")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")

dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player4.csv","Player4")
#batsman6s("./player4.csv","Player4")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player4.csv","Player4")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

Note: For mean strike rate in ODI and Twenty20 use the function batsmanScoringRateODTT()

### 5.Boxplot histogram plot

This plot shows a combined boxplot of the Runs ranges and a histogram of the Runs Frequency

``````#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player4.csv","Player4")``````

### 6. Contribution to won and lost matches

For the 2 functions below you will have to use the getPlayerDataSp() function. I have commented this as I already have these files. This function can only be used for Test matches

``````#player1sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player1sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player2sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player2sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player3sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player3sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player4sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player4sp.csv",ttype="batting")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player1sp.csv","Player1")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player2sp.csv","Player2")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player3sp.csv","Player3")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player4sp.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 7, Performance at home and overseas

This function also requires the use of getPlayerDataSp() as shown above. This can only be used for Test matches

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player1sp.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player2sp.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player3sp.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player4sp.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 8. Batsman average at different venues

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 9. Batsman average against different opposition

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 10. Runs Likelihood of batsman

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 11. Moving Average of runs in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 12. Cumulative Average runs of batsman in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 13. Cumulative Average strike rate of batsman in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 14. Future Runs forecast

Here are plots that forecast how the batsman will perform in future. In this case 90% of the career runs trend is uses as the training set. the remaining 10% is the test set.

A Holt-Winters forecating model is used to forecast future performance based on the 90% training set. The forecated runs trend is plotted. The test set is also plotted to see how close the forecast and the actual matches

Take a look at the runs forecasted for the batsman below.

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 15. Relative Mean Strike Rate plot

The plot below compares the Mean Strike Rate of the batsman for each of the runs ranges of 10 and plots them. The plot indicate the following

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeBatsmanSR(frames,names)``````

### 16. Relative Runs Frequency plot

The plot below gives the relative Runs Frequency Percetages for each 10 run bucket. The plot below show

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeRunsFreqPerf(frames,names)``````

### 17. Relative cumulative average runs in career

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)``````

### 18. Relative cumulative average strike rate in career

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","player4")
#relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)``````

### 19. Check Batsman In-Form or Out-of-Form

The below computation uses Null Hypothesis testing and p-value to determine if the batsman is in-form or out-of-form. For this 90% of the career runs is chosen as the population and the mean computed. The last 10% is chosen to be the sample set and the sample Mean and the sample Standard Deviation are caculated.

The Null Hypothesis (H0) assumes that the batsman continues to stay in-form where the sample mean is within 95% confidence interval of population mean The Alternative (Ha) assumes that the batsman is out of form the sample mean is beyond the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.

A significance value of 0.05 is chosen and p-value us computed If p-value >= .05 – Batsman In-Form If p-value < 0.05 – Batsman Out-of-Form

Note Ideally the p-value should be done for a population that follows the Normal Distribution. But the runs population is usually left skewed. So some correction may be needed. I will revisit this later

This is done for the Top 4 batsman

``````#checkBatsmanInForm("./player1.csv","Player1")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player2.csv","Player2")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player3.csv","Player3")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player4.csv","Player4")``````

### 20. 3D plot of Runs vs Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

The plot is a scatter plot of Runs vs Balls faced and Minutes at Crease. A prediction plane is fitted

``````par(mfrow=c(1,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#battingPerf3d("./player1.csv","Player1")
#battingPerf3d("./player2.csv","Player2")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#battingPerf3d("./player3.csv","Player3")
#battingPerf3d("./player4.csv","player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 21. Predicting Runs given Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

A multi-variate regression plane is fitted between Runs and Balls faced +Minutes at crease.

``````BF <- seq( 10, 400,length=15)
Mins <- seq(30,600,length=15)
newDF <- data.frame(BF,Mins)
#Player1 <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player1.csv","Player1",newdataframe=newDF)
#Player2 <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player2.csv","Player2",newdataframe=newDF)
#ponting <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player3.csv","Player3",newdataframe=newDF)
#sangakkara <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player4.csv","Player4",newdataframe=newDF)``````
``````#batsmen <-cbind(round(Player1\$Runs),round(Player2\$Runs),round(Player3\$Runs),round(Player4\$Runs))
#colnames(batsmen) <- c("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#newDF <- data.frame(round(newDF\$BF),round(newDF\$Mins))
#colnames(newDF) <- c("BallsFaced","MinsAtCrease")
#predictedRuns <- cbind(newDF,batsmen)
#predictedRuns``````

# Analysis of bowlers

1. Bowler1
2. Bowler2
3. Bowler3
4. Bowler4

player1 <- getPlayerData(xxxx,dir=“..”,file=“player1.csv”,type=“bowling”) Note For One day you will have to use getPlayerDataOD() and for Twenty20 it is getPlayerDataTT()

### 21. Wicket Frequency Plot

This plot below computes the percentage frequency of number of wickets taken for e.g 1 wicket x%, 2 wickets y% etc and plots them as a continuous line

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 22. Wickets Runs plot

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 23. Average wickets at different venues

``#bowlerAvgWktsGround("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")``

### 24. Average wickets against different opposition

``#bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")``

### 25. Wickets taken moving average

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")

dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 26. Cumulative Wickets taken

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 27. Cumulative Economy rate

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 28. Future Wickets forecast

Here are plots that forecast how the bowler will perform in future. In this case 90% of the career wickets trend is used as the training set. the remaining 10% is the test set.

A Holt-Winters forecating model is used to forecast future performance based on the 90% training set. The forecated wickets trend is plotted. The test set is also plotted to see how close the forecast and the actual matches

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 29. Contribution to matches won and lost

As discussed above the next 2 charts require the use of getPlayerDataSp(). This can only be done for Test matches

``````#bowler1sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler1sp.csv",ttype="bowling")
#bowler2sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler2sp.csv",ttype="bowling")
#bowler3sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler3sp.csv",ttype="bowling")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler1sp","Bowler1")
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler2sp","Bowler2")
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler3sp","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 30. Performance home and overseas.

This can only be done for Test matches

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler1sp","Bowler1")
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler2sp","Bowler2")
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler3sp","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 31 Relative Wickets Frequency Percentage

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlingPerf(frames,names)``````

### 32 Relative Economy Rate against wickets taken

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlingER(frames,names)``````

### 33 Relative cumulative average wickets of bowlers in career

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgWickets(frames,names)``````

### 34 Relative cumulative average economy rate of bowlers

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate(frames,names)``````

### 35 Check for bowler in-form/out-of-form

The below computation uses Null Hypothesis testing and p-value to determine if the bowler is in-form or out-of-form. For this 90% of the career wickets is chosen as the population and the mean computed. The last 10% is chosen to be the sample set and the sample Mean and the sample Standard Deviation are caculated.

The Null Hypothesis (H0) assumes that the bowler continues to stay in-form where the sample mean is within 95% confidence interval of population mean The Alternative (Ha) assumes that the bowler is out of form the sample mean is beyond the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.

A significance value of 0.05 is chosen and p-value us computed If p-value >= .05 – Batsman In-Form If p-value < 0.05 – Batsman Out-of-Form

Note Ideally the p-value should be done for a population that follows the Normal Distribution. But the runs population is usually left skewed. So some correction may be needed. I will revisit this later

Note: The check for the form status of the bowlers indicate

``````#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 36. Performing granular analysis of batsmen and bowlers

To perform granular analysis of batsmen and bowlers do the following 2 steps

1. Step 1: getPlayerDataHA – This function is a wrapper around getPlayerData(), getPlayerDataOD() and getPlayerDataTT(), and adds an extra column ‘homeOrAway’ which says whether the match was played at home/away/neutral venues. A CSV file is created with this new column.
2. Step2:getPlayerDataOppnHA – This function allows you to slice & dice the data for batsmen and bowlers against specific oppositions, at home/away/neutral venues and between certain periods. This reduced subset of data can be used to perform analyses. A CSV file is created as an output based on the parameters of opposition, home or away and the interval of time

### 37. GetPlayerDataHA (Batsmen, Tests)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerTestHA.csv",type="batting", matchType="Test")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerTestHA.csv",outfile="playerTestFile1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 38. GetPlayerDataHA (Bowlers, Tests)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerTestHA.csv",type="bowling", matchType="Test")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerTestHA.csv",outfile="playerTestFile1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 39. GetPlayerDataHA (Batsmen, ODI)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerODIHA.csv",type="batting", matchType="ODI")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerODIHA.csv",outfile="playerODIFile1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 40. GetPlayerDataHA (Bowlers, ODI)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerODIHA.csv",type="bowling", matchType="ODI")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerODIHA.csv",outfile="playerODIFile1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 41. GetPlayerDataHA (Batsmen, T20)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerT20HA.csv",type="batting", matchType="T20")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerT20HA.csv",outfile="playerT20File1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 42. GetPlayerDataHA (Bowlers, T20)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerT20HA.csv",type="bowling", matchType="T20")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerT20HA.csv",outfile="playerT20File1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

Important Note Once you get the subset of data for batsmen and bowlers playerTestFile1.csv, playerODIFile1.csv or playerT20File1.csv , you can use any of the cricketr functions on the subset of data for a fine-grained analysis

## 8. Performances of teams

The following functions will get the team data for Tests, ODI and T20s

### 1a. Get Test team data

``````#country1Test= getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",teamView="bat",matchType="Test",file="country1Test.csv",save=True,teamName="Country1")
#country2Test= getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",teamView="bat",matchType="Test",file="country2Test.csv",save=True,teamName="Country2")
#country3Test= getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",teamView="bat",matchType="Test",file="country3Test.csv",save=True,teamName="Country3")``````

### 1b. Get ODI team data

``````#team1ODI=  getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",matchType="ODI",file="team1ODI.csv",save=True,teamName="team1")
#team2ODI=  getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",matchType="ODI",file="team2ODI.csv",save=True,teamName="team2")
#team3ODI=  getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",matchType="ODI",file="team3ODI.csv",save=True,teamName="team3")``````

### 1c. Get T20 team data

``````#team1T20 = getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="team1T20.csv",save=True,teamName="team1")
#team2T20 = getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="team2T20.csv",save=True,teamName="team2")
#team3T20 = getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="team3T20.csv",save=True,teamName="team3")``````

### 2a. Test – Analyzing test performances against opposition

``````# Get the performance of Indian test team against all teams at all venues as a dataframe
#df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Country1 Test team  against all teams at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Country1 Test team  against specific teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("Country2","Country3","Country4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)``````

### 2b. Test – Analyzing test performances against opposition at different grounds

``````# Get the performance of Indian test team against all teams at all venues as a dataframe
#df <- teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Country1 Test team  against all teams at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Country1 Test team  against specific teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("Country2","Country3","Country4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)``````

### 2c. Test – Plot time lines of wins and losses

``````#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("country1Test.csv",team="Country1",opposition=c("all"), #startDate="1970-01-01",endDate="2017-01-01")
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("country1Test.csv",team="Country1",opposition=c("Country2","Count#ry3","Country4"), homeOrAway=c("home",away","neutral"), startDate=<start Date> #,endDate=<endDate>)``````

### 3a. ODI – Analyzing test performances against opposition

``````#df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="ODI",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of team1  in ODIs against Sri Lanka, India at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c(all"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Team1 ODI team  against specific teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team3","Team4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)``````

### 3b. ODI – Analyzing test performances against opposition at different venues

``````#df <- teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="ODI",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Team1s in ODIs specific ODI teams at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c(all"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Team1 against specific ODI teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team3","Team4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)``````

### 3c. ODI – Plot time lines of wins and losses

``````#Plot the time line of wins/losses of Bangladesh ODI team between 2 dates all venues
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("team1ODI.csv",team="Team1",startDate=<start date> ,endDa#te=<end date>,matchType="ODI")

#Plot the time line of wins/losses against specific opposition between 2 dates
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("team1ODI.csv",team="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team2"), homeOrAway=c("home",away","neutral"), startDate=<start date>,endDate=<end date> ,matchType="ODI")``````

### 4a. T20 – Analyzing test performances against opposition

``````#df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="T20",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Team1 in T20s  against  all opposition at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c(all"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of T20 Test team  against specific teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team3","Team4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)``````

### 4b. T20 – Analyzing test performances against opposition at different venues

``````#df <- teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="T20",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Team1s in ODIs specific ODI teams at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c(all"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Team1 against specific ODI teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team3","Team4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)``````

### 4c. T20 – Plot time lines of wins and losses

``````#Plot the time line of wins/losses of Bangladesh ODI team between 2 dates all venues
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("teamT20.csv",team="Team1",startDate=<start date> ,endDa#te=<end date>,matchType="T20")

#Plot the time line of wins/losses against specific opposition between 2 dates
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("teamT20.csv",team="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team2"), homeOrAway=c("home",away","neutral"), startDate=<start date>,endDate=<end date> ,matchType="T20")``````

# Key Findings

## Conclusion

Using the above template, analysis can be done for both batsmen and bowlers in Test, ODI and T20. Also analysis of any any team in Test, ODI and T20 against other specific opposition, at home/away and neutral venues can be performed.

Have fun with cricketr!!

# Cricketr learns new tricks : Performs fine-grained analysis of players

“He felt that his whole life was some kind of dream and he sometimes wondered whose it was and whether they were enjoying it.”

“The ships hung in the sky in much the same way that bricks don’t.”

“We demand rigidly defined areas of doubt and uncertainty!”

“For a moment, nothing happened. Then, after a second or so, nothing continued to happen.”

“The Answer to the Great Question… Of Life, the Universe and Everything… Is… Forty-two,’ said Deep Thought, with infinite majesty and calm.”

``                 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy - Douglas Adams``

## Introduction

In this post, I introduce 2 new functions in my R package ‘cricketr’ (cricketr v0.22) see Re-introducing cricketr! : An R package to analyze performances of cricketers which enable granular analysis of batsmen and bowlers. They are

1. Step 1: getPlayerDataHA – This function is a wrapper around getPlayerData(), getPlayerDataOD() and getPlayerDataTT(), and adds an extra column ‘homeOrAway’ which says whether the match was played at home/away/neutral venues. A CSV file is created with this new column.
2. Setp 2: getPlayerDataOppnHA – This function allows you to slice & dice the data for batsmen and bowlers against specific oppositions, at home/away/neutral venues and between certain periods. This reduced subset of data can be used to perform analyses. A CSV file is created as an output based on the parameters of opposition, home or away and the interval of time

Note All the existing cricketr functions can be used on this smaller fine-grained data set for a closer analysis of players

Note 1: You have to call the above functions only once. You can reuse the CSV files in other functions

Important note: Don’t go too fine-grained by choosing just one opposition, in one of home/away/neutral and for too short a period. Too small a dataset may defeat the purpose of the analysis!

This post has been published in Rpubs and can be accessed at Cricketr learns new tricks

You can download a PDF version of this post at Cricketr learns new tricks

If you are passionate about cricket, and love analyzing cricket performances, then check out my racy book on cricket ‘Cricket analytics with cricketr and cricpy – Analytics harmony with R & Python’! This book discusses and shows how to use my R package ‘cricketr’ and my Python package ‘cricpy’ to analyze batsmen and bowlers in all formats of the game (Test, ODI and T20). The paperback is available on Amazon at \$21.99 and  the kindle version at \$9.99/Rs 449/-. A must read for any cricket lover! Check it out!!

## 1. Analyzing Tendulkar at 3 different stages of his career

The following functions analyze Sachin Tendulkar during 3 different periods of his illustrious career. a) 1st Jan 2001-1st Jan 2002 b) 1st Jan 2005-1st Jan 2006 c) 1st Jan 2012-1st Jan 2013

``````# Get the homeOrAway dataset for Tendulkar in matches
#Note: I have commented the lines to getPlayerDataHA() as I already have
# CSV file
#df=getPlayerDataHA(35320,tfile="tendulkarTestHA.csv",matchType="Test")

# Get Tendulkar's data for 2001-02
df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="tendulkarHA.csv",outfile="tendulkarTest2001.csv",
startDate="2001-01-01",endDate="2002-01-01")

# Get Tendulkar's data for 2005-06
df2=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="tendulkarHA.csv",outfile="tendulkarTest2005.csv",

startDate="2005-01-01",endDate="2006-01-01")

# Get Tendulkar's data for 20012-13
#df3=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="tendulkarHA.csv",outfile="tendulkarTest2012.csv",
#                        startDate="2012-01-01",endDate="2013-01-01")``````

`

## 1a Mean strike rate of Tendulkar in 2001,2005,2012

Note: Any of the cricketr R functions can be used on the fine-grained subset of data as below. The mean strike rate of Tendulkar is of the order of 60+ in 2001 which decreases to 50 and later to around 45

``````# Compute and plot mean strike rate of Tendulkar in the 3 periods
batsmanMeanStrikeRate ("./tendulkarTest2001.csv","Tendulkar-2001")``````

``batsmanMeanStrikeRate ("./tendulkarTest2005.csv","Tendulkar-2005")``

``batsmanMeanStrikeRate ("./tendulkarTest2012.csv","Tendulkar-2012")``

## 1b. Plot the performance of Tendulkar at venues during 2001,2005,2012

On an average Tendulkar score 60+ in 2001 and is really blazing. This performance decreases in 2005 and later in 2012

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanAvgRunsGround("tendulkarTest2001.csv","Tendulkar-2001")
batsmanAvgRunsGround("tendulkarTest2005.csv","Tendulkar-2005")
batsmanAvgRunsGround("tendulkarTest2012.csv","Tendulkar-2012")``````

``dev.off()``

## 1c. Plot the performance of Tendulkar against different oppositions during 2001,2005,2012

Sachin uniformly scores 50+ against formidable oppositions in 2001. In 2005 this decreases to 40 in 2005 and in 2012 it is around 25

``batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("tendulkarTest2001.csv","Tendulkar-2001")``
``batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("tendulkarTest2005.csv","Tendulkar-2005")``

``batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("tendulkarTest2012.csv","Tendulkar-2012")``

## 1d. Plot the relative cumulative average and relative strike rate of Tendulkar in 2001,2005,2012

The plot below compares Tendulkar’s cumulative strike rate and cumulative average during 3 different stages of his career

1. The cumulative average runs of Tendulkar is in the high 60+ in 2001, which drops to ~50 in 2005 and later plummets to the low 25s in 2012
2. The strike rate in 2001 for Tendulkar is amazing 60+
``````frames=list("tendulkarTest2001.csv","tendulkarTest2005.csv","tendulkarTest2012.csv")
names=list("Tendulkar-2001","Tendulkar-2005","Tendulkar-2012")
relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)``````

``relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)``

## 2. Analyzing Virat Kohli’s performance against England in England in 2014 and 2018

The analysis below looks at Kohli’s performance against England in ‘away’ venues (England) in 2014 and 2018

``````# Get the homeOrAway data for Kohli in Test matches
#df=getPlayerDataHA(253802,tfile="kohliTestHA.csv",type="batting",matchType="Test")

# Get the subset if data of Kohli's performance against England in England in 2014
df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="kohliTestHA.csv",outfile="kohliTestEng2014.csv",
opposition=c("England"),homeOrAway=c("away"),startDate="2014-01-01",endDate="2015-01-01")

# Get the subset if data of Kohli's performance against England in England in 2018
df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="kohliHA.csv",outfile="kohliTestEng2018.csv",
opposition=c("England"),homeOrAway=c("away"),startDate="2018-01-01",endDate="2019-01-01")``````

## 2a. Kohli’s performance at England grounds in 2014 & 2018

Kohli had a miserable outing to England in 2014 with a string of low scores. In 2018 Kohli pulls himself out of the morass

``batsmanAvgRunsGround("kohliTestEng2014.csv","Kohli-Eng-2014")``

``batsmanAvgRunsGround("kohliTestEng2018.csv","Kohli-Eng-2018")``

## 2a. Kohli’s cumulative average runs in 2014 & 2018

Kohli’s cumulative average runs in 2014 is in the low 15s, while in 2018 it is 70+. Kohli stamps his class back again and undoes the bad memories of 2014

``batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("kohliTestEng2014.csv", "Kohli-Eng-2014")``

``batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("kohliTestEng2018.csv", "Kohli-Eng-2018")``

## 3a. Compare the performances of Ganguly, Dravid and VVS Laxman against opposition in ‘away’ matches in Tests

The analyses below compares the performances of Sourav Ganguly, Rahul Dravid and VVS Laxman against Australia, South Africa, and England in ‘away’ venues between 01 Jan 2002 to 01 Jan 2008

``````#Get the HA data for Ganguly, Dravid and Laxman
#df=getPlayerDataHA(28779,tfile="gangulyTestHA.csv",type="batting",matchType="Test")
#df=getPlayerDataHA(28114,tfile="dravidTestHA.csv",type="batting",matchType="Test")
#df=getPlayerDataHA(30750,tfile="laxmanTestHA.csv",type="batting",matchType="Test")

# Slice the data
df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="gangulyTestHA.csv",outfile="gangulyTestAES2002-08.csv"
,opposition=c("Australia", "England", "South Africa"),
homeOrAway=c("away"),startDate="2002-01-01",endDate="2008-01-01")

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="dravidTestHA.csv",outfile="dravidTestAES2002-08.csv"
,opposition=c("Australia", "England", "South Africa"),
homeOrAway=c("away"),startDate="2002-01-01",endDate="2008-01-01")

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="laxmanTestHA.csv",outfile="laxmanTestAES2002-08.csv"
,opposition=c("Australia", "England", "South Africa"),
homeOrAway=c("away"),startDate="2002-01-01",endDate="2008-01-01")``````

## 3b Plot the relative cumulative average runs and relative cumative strike rate

Plot the relative cumulative average runs and relative cumative strike rate of Ganguly, Dravid and Laxman

-Dravid towers over Laxman and Ganguly with respect to cumulative average runs. – Ganguly has a superior strike rate followed by Laxman and then Dravid

``````frames=list("gangulyTestAES2002-08.csv","dravidTestAES2002-08.csv","laxmanTestAES2002-08.csv")
names=list("GangulyAusEngSA2002-08","DravidAusEngSA2002-08","LaxmanAusEngSA2002-08")
relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)``````

``relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)``

## 4. Compare the ODI performances of Rohit Sharma, Joe Root and Kane Williamson against opposition

Compare the performances of Rohit Sharma, Joe Root and Kane williamson in away & neutral venues against Australia, West Indies and Soouth Africa

• Joe Root piles us the runs in about 15 matches. Rohit has played far more ODIs than the other two and averages a steady 35+
``````# Get the ODI HA data for Rohit, Root and Williamson
#df=getPlayerDataHA(34102,tfile="rohitODIHA.csv",type="batting",matchType="ODI")
#df=getPlayerDataHA(303669,tfile="joerootODIHA.csv",type="batting",matchType="ODI")
#df=getPlayerDataHA(277906,tfile="williamsonODIHA.csv",type="batting",matchType="ODI")

# Subset the data for specific opposition in away and neutral venues
df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="rohitODIHA.csv",outfile="rohitODIAusWISA.csv"
,opposition=c("Australia", "West Indies", "South Africa"),
homeOrAway=c("away","neutral"))

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="joerootODIHA.csv",outfile="joerootODIAusWISA.csv"
,opposition=c("Australia", "West Indies", "South Africa"),
homeOrAway=c("away","neutral"))

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="williamsonODIHA.csv",outfile="williamsonODIAusWiSA.csv"
,opposition=c("Australia", "West Indies", "South Africa"),
homeOrAway=c("away","neutral"))``````

## 4a. Compare cumulative strike rates and cumulative average runs of Rohit, Root and Williamson

The relative cumulative strike rate of all 3 are comparable

``````frames=list("rohitODIAusWISA.csv","joerootODIAusWISA.csv","williamsonODIAusWiSA.csv")
names=list("Rohit-ODI-AusWISA","Joe Root-ODI-AusWISA","Williamson-ODI-AusWISA")
relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)``````

``relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)``

## 5. Plot the performance of Dhoni in T20s against specific opposition at all venues

Plot the performances of Dhoni against Australia, West Indies, South Africa and England

``````# Get the HA T20 data for Dhoni
#df=getPlayerDataHA(28081,tfile="dhoniT20HA.csv",type="batting",matchType="T20")

#Subset the data
df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="dhoniT20HA.csv",outfile="dhoniT20AusWISAEng.csv"
,opposition=c("Australia", "West Indies", "South Africa","England"),
homeOrAway=c("all"))``````

## 5a. Plot Dhoni’s performances in T20

Note You can use any of cricketr’s functions against the fine grained data

``batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("dhoniT20AusWISAEng.csv","Dhoni")``

``batsmanAvgRunsGround("dhoniT20AusWISAEng.csv","Dhoni")``

``batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("dhoniT20AusWISAEng.csv","Dhoni")``

``batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("dhoniT20AusWISAEng.csv","Dhoni")``

## 6. Compute and performances of Anil Kumble, Muralitharan and Warne in ‘away’ test matches

Compute the performances of Kumble, Warne and Maralitharan against New Zealand, West Indies, South Africa and England in pitches that are not ‘home’ pithes

``````# Get the bowling data for Kumble, Warne and Muralitharan in Test matches
#df=getPlayerDataHA(30176,tfile="kumbleTestHA.csv",type="bowling",matchType="Test")
#df=getPlayerDataHA(8166,tfile="warneTestHA.csv",type="bowling",matchType="Test")
#df=getPlayerDataHA(49636,tfile="muraliTestHA.csv",type="bowling",matchType="Test")

# Subset the data
df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="kumbleTestHA.csv",outfile="kumbleTest-NZWISAEng.csv"
,opposition=c("New Zealand", "West Indies", "South Africa","England"),
homeOrAway=c("away"))

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="warneTestHA.csv",outfile="warneTest-NZWISAEng.csv"
,opposition=c("New Zealand", "West Indies", "South Africa","England"),
homeOrAway=c("away"))

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="muraliTestHA.csv",outfile="muraliTest-NZWISAEng.csv"
,opposition=c("New Zealand", "West Indies", "South Africa","England"),
homeOrAway=c("away"))``````

## 6a. Plot the average wickets of Kumble, Warne and Murali

``bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("kumbleTest-NZWISAEng.csv","Kumble-NZWISAEng-AN")``

``bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("warneTest-NZWISAEng.csv","Warne-NZWISAEng-AN")``

``bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("muraliTest-NZWISAEng.csv","Murali-NZWISAEng-AN")``

## 6b. Plot the average wickets in different grounds of Kumble, Warne and Murali

``bowlerAvgWktsGround("kumbleTest-NZWISAEng.csv","Kumblew")``

``bowlerAvgWktsGround("warneTest-NZWISAEng.csv","Warne")``

``bowlerAvgWktsGround("muraliTest-NZWISAEng.csv","murali")``

## 6c. Plot the cumulative average wickets and cumulative economy rate of Kumble, Warne and Murali

• Murali has the best economy rate followed by Kumble and then Warne
• Again Murali has the best cumulative average wickets followed by Warne and then Kumble
``````frames=list("kumbleTest-NZWISAEng.csv","warneTest-NZWISAEng.csv","muraliTest-NZWISAEng.csv")
names=list("Kumble","Warne","Murali")
relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate(frames,names)``````

``relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgWickets(frames,names)``

## 7. Compute and plot the performances of Bumrah in 2016, 2017 and 2018 in ODIs

``````# Get the HA data for Bumrah in ODI in bowling
df=getPlayerDataHA(625383,tfile="bumrahODIHA.csv",type="bowling",matchType="ODI")``````
``## [1] "Working..."``
``````# Slice the data for periods 2016, 2017 and 2018
df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="bumrahODIHA.csv",outfile="bumrahODI2016.csv",
startDate="2016-01-01",endDate="2017-01-01")

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="bumrahODIHA.csv",outfile="bumrahODI2017.csv",
startDate="2017-01-01",endDate="2018-01-01")

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="bumrahODIHA.csv",outfile="bumrahODI2018.csv",
startDate="2018-01-01",endDate="2019-01-01")``````

## 7a. Compute the performances of Bumrah in 2016, 2017 and 2018

• Very clearly Bumrah is getting better at his art. His economy rate in 2018 is the best!!!
• Bumrah has had a very prolific year in 2017. However all the years he seems to be quite effective
``````frames=list("bumrahODI2016.csv","bumrahODI2017.csv","bumrahODI2018.csv")
names=list("Bumrah-2016","Bumrah-2017","Bumrah-2018")
relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate(frames,names)``````

``relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgWickets(frames,names)``

## 8. Compute and plot the performances of Shakib, Bumrah and Jadeja in T20 matches for bowling

``````# Get the HA bowling data for Shakib, Bumrah and Jadeja
df=getPlayerDataHA(56143,tfile="shakibT20HA.csv",type="bowling",matchType="T20")``````
``## [1] "Working..."``
``df=getPlayerDataHA(625383,tfile="bumrahT20HA.csv",type="bowling",matchType="T20")``
``## [1] "Working..."``
``df=getPlayerDataHA(234675,tfile="jadejaT20HA.csv",type="bowling",matchType="T20")``
``## [1] "Working..."``
``````# Slice the data for performances against Sri Lanka, Australia, South Africa and England
df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="shakibT20HA.csv",outfile="shakibT20-SLAusSAEng.csv"
,opposition=c("Sri Lanka","Australia", "South Africa","England"),
homeOrAway=c("all"))
df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="bumrahT20HA.csv",outfile="bumrahT20-SLAusSAEng.csv"
,opposition=c("Sri Lanka","Australia", "South Africa","England"),
homeOrAway=c("all"))

df=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="jadejaT20HA.csv",outfile="jadejaT20-SLAusSAEng.csv"
,opposition=c("Sri Lanka","Australia", "South Africa","England"),
homeOrAway=c("all"))``````

## 8a. Compare the relative performances of Shakib, Bumrah and Jadeja

• Jadeja and Bumrah have comparable economy rates. Shakib is more expensive
• Shakib pips Bumrah in number of cumulative wickets, though Bumrah is close behind
``````frames=list("shakibT20-SLAusSAEng.csv","bumrahT20-SLAusSAEng.csv","jadejaT20-SLAusSAEng.csv")
names=list("Shakib-SLAusSAEng","Bumrah-SLAusSAEng","Jadeja-SLAusSAEng")
relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate(frames,names)``````

``relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgWickets(frames,names)``

## Conclusion

By getting the homeOrAway data for players using the profileNo, you can slice and dice the data based on your choice of opposition, whether you want matches that were played at home/away/neutral venues. Finally by specifying the period for which the data has to be subsetted you can create fine grained analysis.

Hope you have a great time with cricketr!!!

Also see

To see all posts click Index of posts

# Analyzing cricketers’ and cricket team’s performances with cricketr template

This post includes a template which you can use for analyzing the performances of cricketers, both batsmen and bowlers in Test, ODI and Twenty 20 cricket. Additionally this template can also be used for analyzing performances of teams in Test, ODI and T20 matches using my R package cricketr. To see actual usage of functions related to players in the R package cricketr see Introducing cricketr! : An R package to analyze performances of cricketers and associated posts on cricket in Index of posts. For the analyses on team performances see https://gigadom.in/2019/06/21/cricpy-adds-team-analytics-to-its-repertoire/

The ‘cricketr’ package uses the statistics info available in ESPN Cricinfo Statsguru. The current version of this package supports all formats of the game including Test, ODI and Twenty20 versions.

You should be able to install the package from GitHub and use the many functions available in the package. Please mindful of the ESPN Cricinfo Terms of Use

Take a look at my short video tutorial on my R package cricketr on Youtube – R package cricketr – A short tutorial

Do check out my interactive Shiny app implementation using the cricketr package – Sixer – R package cricketr’s new Shiny avatar

You can download this RMarkdown file from Github at cricketr-template

# The cricketr package

The cricketr package has several functions that perform several different analyses on both batsman and bowlers. The package can also analyze performances of teams The package has function that plot percentage frequency runs or wickets, runs likelihood for a batsman, relative run/strike rates of batsman and relative performance/economy rate for bowlers are available. Other interesting functions include batting performance moving average, forecast and a function to check whether the batsmans in in-form or out-of-form.

In addition performances of teams against different oppositions at different venues can be computed and plotted. The timeline of wins & losses can be plotted.

## A. Performances of batsmen and bowlers

The data for a particular player can be obtained with the getPlayerData() function. To do you will need to go to ESPN CricInfo Player and type in the name of the player for e.g Ricky Ponting, Sachin Tendulkar etc. This will bring up a page which have the profile number for the player e.g. for Sachin Tendulkar this would be http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/35320.html. Hence, Sachin’s profile is 35320. This can be used to get the data for Tendulkar as shown below

The cricketr package is now available from CRAN!!! You should be able to install as below

### 1. Install the cricketr package

``````if (!require("cricketr")){
install.packages("cricketr",lib = "c:/test")
}
library(cricketr)

```The cricketr package includes some pre-packaged sample (.csv) files. You can use these sample to test functions as shown below```
``````# Retrieve the file path of a data file installed with cricketr
#pathToFile <- system.file("data", "tendulkar.csv", package = "cricketr")
#batsman4s(pathToFile, "Sachin Tendulkar")

# The general format is pkg-function(pathToFile,par1,...)
#batsman4s(<path-To-File>,"Sachin Tendulkar")``````

The pre-packaged files can be accessed as shown above. To get the data of any player use the function in Test, ODI and Twenty20 use the following

### 2. For Test cricket

``#tendulkar <- getPlayerData(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkar.csv",type="batting",homeOrAway=c(1,2), result=c(1,2,4))``

### 2a. For ODI cricket

``#tendulkarOD <- getPlayerDataOD(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkarOD.csv",type="batting")``

### 2b For Twenty 20 cricket

``#tendulkarT20 <- getPlayerDataTT(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkarT20.csv",type="batting")``

Important Note 1: This needs to be done only once for a player. This function stores the player’s data in a CSV file (for e.g. tendulkar.csv as above) which can then be reused for all other functions. Once we have the data for the players many analyses can be done. This post will use the stored CSV file obtained with a prior getPlayerData for all subsequent analyses

Important Note 2: The same set of functions can be used for Tests, ODI and T20s. I have mentioned wherever you may need special functions for ODI and T20 below

## Sachin Tendulkar’s performance – Basic Analyses

The 3 plots below provide the following for Tendulkar

1. Frequency percentage of runs in each run range over the whole career
2. Mean Strike Rate for runs scored in the given range
3. A histogram of runs frequency percentages in runs ranges For example

### 3. Basic analyses

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
#batsmanRunsRanges("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
1. Player 1
2. Player 2
3. Player 3
4. Player 4

### 4. More analyses

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsman6s("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player1.csv","Player1")

# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsman6s("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player2.csv","Player2")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsman6s("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player3.csv","Player3")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")

dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player4.csv","Player4")
#batsman6s("./player4.csv","Player4")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player4.csv","Player4")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

Note: For mean strike rate in ODI and Twenty20 use the function batsmanScoringRateODTT()

### 5.Boxplot histogram plot

This plot shows a combined boxplot of the Runs ranges and a histogram of the Runs Frequency

``````#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player4.csv","Player4")``````

### 6. Contribution to won and lost matches

For the 2 functions below you will have to use the getPlayerDataSp() function. I have commented this as I already have these files. This function can only be used for Test matches

``````#player1sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player1sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player2sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player2sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player3sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player3sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player4sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player4sp.csv",ttype="batting")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player1sp.csv","Player1")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player2sp.csv","Player2")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player3sp.csv","Player3")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player4sp.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 7, Performance at home and overseas

This function also requires the use of getPlayerDataSp() as shown above. This can only be used for Test matches

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player1sp.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player2sp.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player3sp.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player4sp.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 8. Batsman average at different venues

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 9. Batsman average against different opposition

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 10. Runs Likelihood of batsman

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 11. Moving Average of runs in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 12. Cumulative Average runs of batsman in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 13. Cumulative Average strike rate of batsman in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 14. Future Runs forecast

Here are plots that forecast how the batsman will perform in future. In this case 90% of the career runs trend is uses as the training set. the remaining 10% is the test set.

A Holt-Winters forecating model is used to forecast future performance based on the 90% training set. The forecated runs trend is plotted. The test set is also plotted to see how close the forecast and the actual matches

Take a look at the runs forecasted for the batsman below.

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 15. Relative Mean Strike Rate plot

The plot below compares the Mean Strike Rate of the batsman for each of the runs ranges of 10 and plots them. The plot indicate the following

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeBatsmanSR(frames,names)``````

### 16. Relative Runs Frequency plot

The plot below gives the relative Runs Frequency Percetages for each 10 run bucket. The plot below show

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeRunsFreqPerf(frames,names)``````

### 17. Relative cumulative average runs in career

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)``````

### 18. Relative cumulative average strike rate in career

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","player4")
#relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)``````

### 19. Check Batsman In-Form or Out-of-Form

The below computation uses Null Hypothesis testing and p-value to determine if the batsman is in-form or out-of-form. For this 90% of the career runs is chosen as the population and the mean computed. The last 10% is chosen to be the sample set and the sample Mean and the sample Standard Deviation are caculated.

The Null Hypothesis (H0) assumes that the batsman continues to stay in-form where the sample mean is within 95% confidence interval of population mean The Alternative (Ha) assumes that the batsman is out of form the sample mean is beyond the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.

A significance value of 0.05 is chosen and p-value us computed If p-value >= .05 – Batsman In-Form If p-value < 0.05 – Batsman Out-of-Form

Note Ideally the p-value should be done for a population that follows the Normal Distribution. But the runs population is usually left skewed. So some correction may be needed. I will revisit this later

This is done for the Top 4 batsman

``````#checkBatsmanInForm("./player1.csv","Player1")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player2.csv","Player2")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player3.csv","Player3")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player4.csv","Player4")``````

### 20. 3D plot of Runs vs Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

The plot is a scatter plot of Runs vs Balls faced and Minutes at Crease. A prediction plane is fitted

``````par(mfrow=c(1,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#battingPerf3d("./player1.csv","Player1")
#battingPerf3d("./player2.csv","Player2")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#battingPerf3d("./player3.csv","Player3")
#battingPerf3d("./player4.csv","player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 21. Predicting Runs given Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

A multi-variate regression plane is fitted between Runs and Balls faced +Minutes at crease.

``````BF <- seq( 10, 400,length=15)
Mins <- seq(30,600,length=15)
newDF <- data.frame(BF,Mins)
#Player1 <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player1.csv","Player1",newdataframe=newDF)
#Player2 <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player2.csv","Player2",newdataframe=newDF)
#ponting <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player3.csv","Player3",newdataframe=newDF)
#sangakkara <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player4.csv","Player4",newdataframe=newDF)``````
``````#batsmen <-cbind(round(Player1\$Runs),round(Player2\$Runs),round(Player3\$Runs),round(Player4\$Runs))
#colnames(batsmen) <- c("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#newDF <- data.frame(round(newDF\$BF),round(newDF\$Mins))
#colnames(newDF) <- c("BallsFaced","MinsAtCrease")
#predictedRuns <- cbind(newDF,batsmen)
#predictedRuns``````

## Analysis of bowlers

1. Bowler1
2. Bowler2
3. Bowler3
4. Bowler4

player1 <- getPlayerData(xxxx,dir=“..”,file=“player1.csv”,type=“bowling”) Note For One day you will have to use getPlayerDataOD() and for Twenty20 it is getPlayerDataTT()

### 21. Wicket Frequency Plot

This plot below computes the percentage frequency of number of wickets taken for e.g 1 wicket x%, 2 wickets y% etc and plots them as a continuous line

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 22. Wickets Runs plot

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 23. Average wickets at different venues

``#bowlerAvgWktsGround("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")``

### 24. Average wickets against different opposition

``#bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")``

### 25. Wickets taken moving average

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")

dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 26. Cumulative Wickets taken

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 27. Cumulative Economy rate

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 28. Future Wickets forecast

Here are plots that forecast how the bowler will perform in future. In this case 90% of the career wickets trend is used as the training set. the remaining 10% is the test set.

A Holt-Winters forecating model is used to forecast future performance based on the 90% training set. The forecated wickets trend is plotted. The test set is also plotted to see how close the forecast and the actual matches

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 29. Contribution to matches won and lost

As discussed above the next 2 charts require the use of getPlayerDataSp(). This can only be done for Test matches

``````#bowler1sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler1sp.csv",ttype="bowling")
#bowler2sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler2sp.csv",ttype="bowling")
#bowler3sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler3sp.csv",ttype="bowling")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler1sp","Bowler1")
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler2sp","Bowler2")
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler3sp","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 30. Performance home and overseas.

This can only be done for Test matches

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler1sp","Bowler1")
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler2sp","Bowler2")
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler3sp","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 31 Relative Wickets Frequency Percentage

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlingPerf(frames,names)``````

### 32 Relative Economy Rate against wickets taken

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlingER(frames,names)``````

### 33 Relative cumulative average wickets of bowlers in career

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgWickets(frames,names)``````

### 34 Relative cumulative average economy rate of bowlers

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate(frames,names)``````

### 35 Check for bowler in-form/out-of-form

The below computation uses Null Hypothesis testing and p-value to determine if the bowler is in-form or out-of-form. For this 90% of the career wickets is chosen as the population and the mean computed. The last 10% is chosen to be the sample set and the sample Mean and the sample Standard Deviation are caculated.

The Null Hypothesis (H0) assumes that the bowler continues to stay in-form where the sample mean is within 95% confidence interval of population mean The Alternative (Ha) assumes that the bowler is out of form the sample mean is beyond the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.

A significance value of 0.05 is chosen and p-value us computed If p-value >= .05 – Batsman In-Form If p-value < 0.05 – Batsman Out-of-Form

Note Ideally the p-value should be done for a population that follows the Normal Distribution. But the runs population is usually left skewed. So some correction may be needed. I will revisit this later

Note: The check for the form status of the bowlers indicate

``````#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 36. Performing granular analysis of batsmen and bowlers

To perform granular analysis of batsmen and bowlers do the following 2 steps

1. Step 1: getPlayerDataHA – This function is a wrapper around getPlayerData(), getPlayerDataOD() and getPlayerDataTT(), and adds an extra column ‘homeOrAway’ which says whether the match was played at home/away/neutral venues. A CSV file is created with this new column.
2. Step2:getPlayerDataOppnHA – This function allows you to slice & dice the data for batsmen and bowlers against specific oppositions, at home/away/neutral venues and between certain periods. This reduced subset of data can be used to perform analyses. A CSV file is created as an output based on the parameters of opposition, home or away and the interval of time

### 37. GetPlayerDataHA (Batsmen, Tests)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerTestHA.csv",type="batting", matchType="Test")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerTestHA.csv",outfile="playerTestFile1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 38. GetPlayerDataHA (Bowlers, Tests)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerTestHA.csv",type="bowling", matchType="Test")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerTestHA.csv",outfile="playerTestFile1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 39. GetPlayerDataHA (Batsmen, ODI)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerODIHA.csv",type="batting", matchType="ODI")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerODIHA.csv",outfile="playerODIFile1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 40. GetPlayerDataHA (Bowlers, ODI)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerODIHA.csv",type="bowling", matchType="ODI")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerODIHA.csv",outfile="playerODIFile1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 41. GetPlayerDataHA (Batsmen, T20)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerT20HA.csv",type="batting", matchType="T20")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerT20HA.csv",outfile="playerT20File1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

### 42. GetPlayerDataHA (Bowlers, T20)

``````#This saves a file playerTestHA.csv
#df=getPlayerDataHA(<profileNo>,tfile="playerT20HA.csv",type="bowling", matchType="T20")

#Use the generate file to create a subset of data
#df1=getPlayerDataOppnHA(infile="playerT20HA.csv",outfile="playerT20File1.csv",
#                         startDate=<start Date>,endDate=<end Date>)``````

Important Note Once you get the subset of data for batsmen and bowlers playerTestFile1.csv, playerODIFile1.csv or playerT20File1.csv , you can use any of the cricketr functions on the subset of data for a fine-grained analysis

## B. Performances of teams

The following functions will get the team data for Tests, ODI and T20s

### 1a. Get Test team data

``````#country1Test= getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",teamView="bat",matchType="Test",file="country1Test.csv",save=True,teamName="Country1")
#country2Test= getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",teamView="bat",matchType="Test",file="country2Test.csv",save=True,teamName="Country2")
#country3Test= getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",teamView="bat",matchType="Test",file="country3Test.csv",save=True,teamName="Country3")``````

### 1b. Get ODI team data

``````#team1ODI=  getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",matchType="ODI",file="team1ODI.csv",save=True,teamName="team1")
#team2ODI=  getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",matchType="ODI",file="team2ODI.csv",save=True,teamName="team2")
#team3ODI=  getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",matchType="ODI",file="team3ODI.csv",save=True,teamName="team3")``````

### 1c. Get T20 team data

``````#team1T20 = getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="team1T20.csv",save=True,teamName="team1")
#team2T20 = getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="team2T20.csv",save=True,teamName="team2")
#team3T20 = getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="team3T20.csv",save=True,teamName="team3")``````

### 2a. Test – Analyzing test performances against opposition

``````# Get the performance of Indian test team against all teams at all venues as a dataframe
#df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Country1 Test team  against all teams at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Country1 Test team  against specific teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("Country2","Country3","Country4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)``````

### 2b. Test – Analyzing test performances against opposition at different grounds

``````# Get the performance of Indian test team against all teams at all venues as a dataframe
#df <- teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Country1 Test team  against all teams at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Country1 Test team  against specific teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("country1Test.csv",teamName="Country1",opposition=c("Country2","Country3","Country4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)``````

### 2c. Test – Plot time lines of wins and losses

``````#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("country1Test.csv",team="Country1",opposition=c("all"), #startDate="1970-01-01",endDate="2017-01-01")
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("country1Test.csv",team="Country1",opposition=c("Country2","Count#ry3","Country4"), homeOrAway=c("home",away","neutral"), startDate=<start Date> #,endDate=<endDate>)``````

### 3a. ODI – Analyzing test performances against opposition

``````#df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="ODI",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of team1  in ODIs against Sri Lanka, India at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c(all"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Team1 ODI team  against specific teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team3","Team4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)``````

### 3b. ODI – Analyzing test performances against opposition at different venues

``````#df <- teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="ODI",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Team1s in ODIs specific ODI teams at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c(all"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Team1 against specific ODI teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("team1ODI.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team3","Team4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)``````

### 3c. ODI – Plot time lines of wins and losses

``````#Plot the time line of wins/losses of Bangladesh ODI team between 2 dates all venues
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("team1ODI.csv",team="Team1",startDate=<start date> ,endDa#te=<end date>,matchType="ODI")

#Plot the time line of wins/losses against specific opposition between 2 dates
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("team1ODI.csv",team="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team2"), homeOrAway=c("home",away","neutral"), startDate=<start date>,endDate=<end date> ,matchType="ODI")``````

### 4a. T20 – Analyzing test performances against opposition

``````#df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="T20",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Team1 in T20s  against  all opposition at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c(all"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of T20 Test team  against specific teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team3","Team4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)``````

### 4b. T20 – Analyzing test performances against opposition at different venues

``````#df <- teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="T20",plot=FALSE)
#head(df)

# Plot the performance of Team1s in ODIs specific ODI teams at all venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c(all"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)

# Plot the performance of Team1 against specific ODI teams at home/away venues
#teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("teamT20.csv",teamName="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team3","Team4"),homeOrAway=c("home","away","neutral"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)``````

### 4c. T20 – Plot time lines of wins and losses

``````#Plot the time line of wins/losses of Bangladesh ODI team between 2 dates all venues
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("teamT20.csv",team="Team1",startDate=<start date> ,endDa#te=<end date>,matchType="T20")

#Plot the time line of wins/losses against specific opposition between 2 dates
#plotTimelineofWinsLosses("teamT20.csv",team="Team1",opposition=c("Team2","Team2"), homeOrAway=c("home",away","neutral"), startDate=<start date>,endDate=<end date> ,matchType="T20")``````

## Conclusion

Using the above template, analysis can be done for both batsmen and bowlers in Test, ODI and T20. Also analysis of any any team in Test, ODI and T20 against other specific opposition, at home/away and neutral venues can be performed.

Have fun with cricketr!!

# Cricketr adds team analytics to its repertoire!!!

And she’s got brains enough for two, which is the exact quantity the girl who marries you will need.

“I’m not absolutely certain of the facts, but I rather fancy it’s Shakespeare who says that it’s always just when a fellow is feeling particularly braced with things in general that Fate sneaks up behind him with the bit of lead piping.”

“A melancholy-looking man, he had the appearance of one who has searched for the leak in life’s gas-pipe with a lighted candle.”

“It isn’t often that Aunt Dahlia lets her angry passions rise, but when she does, strong men climb trees and pull them up after them.”

“Some minds are like soup in a poor restaurant – better left unstirred.”

``                                      P.G. Wodehouse``

## Introduction

My R package cricketr had its genesis about 4 years ago, sometime around June 2015. There were some minor updates afterwards and the package performed analytics on cricketers (Test, ODI and T20) based on data from ESPN Cricinfo see Re-introducing cricketr! : An R package to analyze performances of cricketers. Now, in the latest release of cricketr, I have included 8 functions which can perform Team analytics. Team analysis can be done for Test, ODI and T20 teams.

This package uses the statistics info available in ESPN Cricinfo Statsguru. The current version of this package can handle all formats of the game including Test, ODI and Twenty20 cricket for players (batsmen & bowlers) and also teams (Test, ODI and T20)

You should be able to install the package directly from CRAN. Please be mindful of ESPN Cricinfo Terms of Use

A total of 8 new functions which deal with team analytics has been included in the latest release.

There are 5 functions which are used internally 1) getTeamData b) getTeamNumber c) getMatchType d) getTeamDataHomeAway e) cleanTeamData

and the external functions which are
a) teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition
b) teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds
c) plotTimelineofWinsLosses

All the above functions are common to Test, ODI and T20 teams

The data for a particular Team can be obtained with the getTeamDataHomeAway() function from the package. This will return a dataframe of the team’s win/loss status at home and away venues over a period of time. This can be saved as a CSV file. Once this is done, you can use this CSV file for all subsequent analysis

As before you can get the help for any of the cricketr functions as below

``````#help(teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition)
Compute the wins/losses/draw/tied etc for a Team in Test, ODI or T20 against opposition
Description
This function computes the won,lost,draw,tied or no result for a team against other teams in home/away or neutral venues and either returns a dataframe or plots it against opposition
Usage
teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition(file,teamName,opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),
matchType="Test",plot=FALSE)
Arguments
file
The CSV file for which the plot is required
teamName
The name of the team for which plot is required
opposition
Opposition is a vector namely c("all") or c("Australia", "India", "England")
homeOrAway
This parameter is a vector which is either c("all") or a vector of venues c("home","away","neutral")
matchType
Match type - Test, ODI or T20
plot
If plot=FALSE then a data frame is returned, If plot=TRUE then a plot is generated
Value
None
Note
Maintainer: Tinniam V Ganesh tvganesh.85@gmail.com
Author(s)
Tinniam V Ganesh
References

http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/stats/index.html
https://gigadom.in/
See Also
teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds plotTimelineofWinsLosses
Examples
## Not run:
#Get the team data for India for Tests
df <- getTeamDataHomeAway(teamName="India",file="indiaOD.csv",matchType="ODI")
teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("india.csv",teamName="India",opposition=c("Australia","England","India"),
homeOrAway=c("home","away"),plot=TRUE)
## End(Not run)

``````

This post has been published at RPubs and is available at TeamAnalyticsWithCricketr

You can download PDF version of this post at TeamAnalyticsWithCricketr

## 1. Get team data

### 1a. Test

The teams in Test cricket are included below

1. Afghanistan 2.Bangladesh 3. England 4. World 5. India 6. Ireland 7. New Zealand 8. Pakistan 9. South Africa 10.Sri Lanka 11. West Indies 12.Zimbabwe

You can use this for the teamName paramater. This will return a dataframe and also save the file as a CSV , if save=TRUE

Note: – Since I have already got the data as CSV files I am not executing the lines below

``````# Get the data for the teams. Save as CSV
#indiaTest <-getTeamDataHomeAway(dir=".",teamView="bat",matchType="Test",file="indiaTest.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="India")
#australiaTest <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="Test",file="australiaTest.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="Australia")
#pakistanTest <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="Test",file="pakistanTest.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="Pakistan")
#newzealandTest <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="Test",file="newzealandTest.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="New Zealand")``````

### 1b. ODI

The ODI teams in the world are below. The data for these teams can be got by names as shown below

1. Afghanistan 2. Africa XI 3. Asia XI 4.Australia 5.Bangladesh
2. Bermuda 7. England 8. ICC World X1 9. India 11.Ireland 12. New Zealand
3. Pakistan 14. South Africa 15. Sri Lanka 17. West Indies 18. Zimbabwe
4. Canada 21. East Africa 22. Hong Kong 23.Ireland 24. Kenya 25. Namibia
5. Nepal 27.Netherlands 28. Oman 29.Papua New Guinea 30. Scotland
6. United Arab Emirates 32. United States of America
``````#indiaODI <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="ODI",file="indiaODI.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="India")
#englandODI <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="ODI",file="englandODI.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="England")
#westindiesODI <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="ODI",file="westindiesODI.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="West Indies")
#irelandODI <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="ODI",file="irelandODI.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="Ireland")``````

### 1c T20

The T20 teams in the world are
1.Afghanistan 2. Australia 3. Bahrain 4. Bangladesh 5. Belgium 6. Belize
2.Bermuda 8.Botswana 9. Canada 11. Costa Rica 12. Germany 13. Ghana
14.Guernsey 15. Hong Kong 16. ICC World X1 17.India 18. Ireland 19.Italy
20.Jersey 21. Kenya 22.Kuwait 23.Maldives 24.Malta 25.Mexico 26.Namibia
27.Nepal 28.Netherlands 29. New Zealand 30.Nigeria 31.Oman 32. Pakistan
33.Panama 34.Papua New Guinea 35. Philippines 36.Qatar 37.Saudi Arabia
38.Scotland 39.South Africa 40.Spain 41.Sri Lanka 42.Uganda
43.United Arab Emirates United States of America 44.Vanuatu 45.West Indies

``````#southafricaT20 <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="southafricaT20.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="South Africa")
#srilankaT20 <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="srilankaT20.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="Sri Lanka")
#canadaT20 <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="canadaT20.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="Canada")
#afghanistanT20 <- getTeamDataHomeAway(matchType="T20",file="afghanistanT20.csv",save=TRUE,teamName="Afghanistan")``````

## 2 Analysis of Test matches

The functions below perform analysis of Test teams

### 2a. Wins vs Loss against opposition

This function performs analysis of Test teams against other teams at home/away or neutral venue. Note:- The opposition can be a vector of opposition teams. Similarly homeOrAway can also be a vector of home/away/neutral venues.

``````# Get the performance of Indian test team against all teams at all venues as a dataframe
df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("india.csv",teamName="India",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=FALSE)
head(df)``````
``````## # A tibble: 6 x 4
## # Groups:   Opposition, Result [4]
##   Opposition  Result ha    count
##   <chr>       <chr>  <chr> <int>
## 1 Afghanistan won    home      1
## 2 Australia   draw   away     20
## 3 Australia   draw   home     23
## 4 Australia   lost   away     58
## 5 Australia   lost   home     26
## 6 Australia   tied   home      2``````
``````# Plot the performance of Indian Test team  against all teams at all venues
teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("indiaTest.csv",teamName="India",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)``````

``````# Get the performance of Australia against India, England and New Zealand at all venues in Tests
df <-teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("australiaTest.csv",teamName="Australia",opposition=c("India","England","New Zealand"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=FALSE)

#Plot the performance of Australia against England, India and New Zealand only at home (Australia)
teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("australiaTest.csv",teamName="Australia",opposition=c("India","England","New Zealand"),homeOrAway=c("home"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)``````

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### 2b Wins vs losses of Test teams against opposition at different venues

``````# Get the  performance of Pakistan against India, West Indies, South Africa at all venues in Tests and show performances at the venues
df <- teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("pakistanTest.csv",teamName="Pakistan",opposition=c("India","West Indies","South Africa"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=FALSE)
head(df)``````
``````## # A tibble: 6 x 4
## # Groups:   Ground, Result [6]
##   Ground     Result ha      count
##   <chr>      <chr>  <chr>   <int>
## 1 Abu Dhabi  draw   neutral     2
## 2 Abu Dhabi  won    neutral     4
## 3 Ahmedabad  draw   away        2
## 4 Bahawalpur draw   home        1
## 5 Basseterre won    away        2
## 6 Bengaluru  draw   away        5``````
``````# Plot the performance of New Zealand Test team against England, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh at all grounds playes
teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("newzealandTest.csv",teamName="New Zealand",opposition=c("England","Sri Lanka","Bangladesh"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="Test",plot=TRUE)``````

### 2c. Plot the time line of wins vs losses of Test teams against opposition at different venues during an interval

``````# Plot the time line of wins/losses of India against Australia, West Indies, South Africa in away/neutral venues
#from 2000-01-01 to 2017-01-01
plotTimelineofWinsLosses("indiaTest.csv",team="India",opposition=c("Australia","West Indies","South Africa"),
homeOrAway=c("away","neutral"), startDate="2000-01-01",endDate="2017-01-01")``````

``````#Plot the time line of wins/losses of Indian Test team from 1970 onwards
plotTimelineofWinsLosses("indiaTest.csv",team="India",startDate="1970-01-01",endDate="2017-01-01")``````

## 3 ODI

The functions below perform analysis of ODI teams listed above

### 3a. Wins vs Loss against opposition ODI teams

This function performs analysis of ODI teams against other teams at home/away or neutral venue. Note:- The opposition can be a vector of opposition teams. Similarly homeOrAway can also be a vector of home/away/neutral venues.

``````# Get the performance of West Indies in ODIs against all other ODI teams at all venues and retirn as a dataframe
df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("westindiesODI.csv",teamName="West Indies",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="ODI",plot=FALSE)
head(df)``````
``````## # A tibble: 6 x 4
## # Groups:   Opposition, Result [3]
##   Opposition  Result ha      count
##   <chr>       <chr>  <chr>   <int>
## 1 Afghanistan lost   home        1
## 2 Afghanistan lost   neutral     2
## 3 Afghanistan won    home        1
## 4 Australia   lost   away       41
## 5 Australia   lost   home       25
## 6 Australia   lost   neutral     8``````
``````# Plot the performance of West Indies in ODIs against Sri Lanka, India at all venues
teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("westindiesODI.csv",teamName="West Indies",opposition=c("Sri Lanka", "India"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)``````

``````#Plot the performance of Ireland in ODIs against Zimbabwe, Kenya, bermuda, UAE, Oman and Scotland at all venues
teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("irelandODI.csv",teamName="Ireland",opposition=c("Zimbabwe","Kenya","Bermuda","U.A.E.","Oman","Scotland"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)``````

### 3b Wins vs losses of ODI teams against opposition at different venues

``````# Plot the performance of England ODI team against Bangladesh, West Indies and Australia at all venues
teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("englandODI.csv",teamName="England",opposition=c("Bangladesh","West Indies","Australia"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)``````

``````#Plot the performance of India against South Africa, West Indies and Australia at 'home' venues
teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("indiaODI.csv",teamName="India",opposition=c("South Africa","West Indies","Australia"),homeOrAway=c("home"),matchType="ODI",plot=TRUE)``````

### 3c. Plot the time line of wins vs losses of ODI teams against opposition at different venues during an interval

``````#Plot the time line of wins/losses of Bangladesh ODI team between 2015 and 2019 against all other teams and at
# all venues
plotTimelineofWinsLosses("bangladeshOD.csv",team="Bangladesh",startDate="2015-01-01",endDate="2019-01-01",matchType="ODI")``````

``````#Plot the time line of wins/losses of India ODI against Sri Lanka, Bangladesh from 2016 to 2019
plotTimelineofWinsLosses("indiaODI.csv",team="India",opposition=c("Sri Lanka","Bangladesh"),startDate="2016-01-01",endDate="2019-01-01",matchType="ODI")``````

## 4 Twenty 20

The functions below perform analysis of Twenty 20 teams listed above

### 4a. Wins vs Loss against opposition ODI teams

This function performs analysis of T20 teams against other T20 teams at home/away or neutral venue. Note:- The opposition can be a vector of opposition teams. Similarly homeOrAway can also be a vector of home/away/neutral venues.

``````# Get the performance of South Africa T20 team against England, India and Sri Lanka at home grounds at England
df <- teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("southafricaT20.csv",teamName="South Africa",opposition=c("England","India","Sri Lanka"),homeOrAway=c("home"),matchType="T20",plot=FALSE)

#Plot the performance of South Africa T20 against England, India and Sri Lanka at all venues
teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("southafricaT20.csv",teamName="South Africa",opposition=c("England","India","Sri Lanka"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)``````

``````#Plot the performance of Afghanistan T20 teams against all oppositions
teamWinLossStatusVsOpposition("afghanistanT20.csv",teamName="Afghanistan",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="T20",plot=TRUE)``````

### 4b Wins vs losses of T20 teams against opposition at different venues

``````# Compute the performance of Canada against all opposition at all venues and show by grounds. Return as dataframe
df <-teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("canadaT20.csv",teamName="Canada",opposition=c("all"),homeOrAway=c("all"),matchType="T20",plot=FALSE)
head(df)``````
``````## # A tibble: 6 x 4
## # Groups:   Ground, Result [6]
##   Ground        Result ha      count
##   <chr>         <chr>  <chr>   <int>
## 1 Abu Dhabi     lost   neutral     1
## 2 Belfast       lost   neutral     1
## 3 Belfast       won    neutral     2
## 4 Colombo (SSC) lost   neutral     1
## 5 Colombo (SSC) won    neutral     1
## 6 Dubai (DSC)   lost   neutral     5``````
``````# Plot the performance of Sri Lanka T20 team against India and Bangladesh in different venues at home/away and neutral
teamWinLossStatusAtGrounds("srilankaT20.csv",teamName="Sri Lanka",opposition=c("India", "Bangladesh"), homeOrAway=c("all"), matchType="T20", plot=TRUE)``````

### 4c. Plot the time line of wins vs losses of T20 teams against opposition at different venues during an interval

``````#Plot the time line of Sri Lanka T20 team agaibst all opposition
plotTimelineofWinsLosses("srilankaT20.csv",team="Sri Lanka",opposition=c("Australia", "Pakistan"), startDate="2013-01-01", endDate="2019-01-01",  matchType="T20")``````

``````# Plot the time line of South Africa T20 between 2010 and 2015 against West Indies and Pakistan
plotTimelineofWinsLosses("southafricaT20.csv",team="South Africa",opposition=c("West Indies", "Pakistan"), startDate="2010-01-01", endDate="2015-01-01",  matchType="T20")``````

## Conclusion

My R package cricketr now includes functions that analyze teams and players (batsmen & bowlers) in Test, ODI and T20 cricket.

Hope you have fun, with the package!

To see all posts click Index of posts

# Analyzing performances of cricketers using cricketr template

This post includes a template which you can use for analyzing the performances of cricketers, both batsmen and bowlers in Test, ODI and Twenty 20 cricket using my R package cricketr. To see actual usage of functions in the R package cricketr see Introducing cricketr! : An R package to analyze performances of cricketers.

This template can be downloaded from Github at cricketer-template

The ‘cricketr’ package uses the statistics info available in ESPN Cricinfo Statsguru. The current version of this package supports all formats of the game including Test, ODI and Twenty20 versions.

You should be able to install the package from GitHub and use the many functions available in the package. Please mindful of the ESPN Cricinfo Terms of Use

Take a look at my short video tutorial on my R package cricketr on Youtube – R package cricketr – A short tutorial

Do check out my interactive Shiny app implementation using the cricketr package – Sixer – R package cricketr’s new Shiny avatar

Important note 1: The latest release of ‘cricketr’ now includes the ability to analyze performances of teams now!!  See Cricketr adds team analytics to its repertoire!!!

Important note 2 : Cricketr can now do a more fine-grained analysis of players, see Cricketr learns new tricks : Performs fine-grained analysis of players

Important note 3: Do check out the python avatar of cricketr, ‘cricpy’ in my post ‘Introducing cricpy:A python package to analyze performances of cricketers

# The cricketr package

The cricketr package has several functions that perform several different analyses on both batsman and bowlers. The package has function that plot percentage frequency runs or wickets, runs likelihood for a batsman, relative run/strike rates of batsman and relative performance/economy rate for bowlers are available.

Other interesting functions include batting performance moving average, forecast and a function to check whether the batsmans in in-form or out-of-form.

The data for a particular player can be obtained with the getPlayerData() function. To do you will need to go to ESPN CricInfo Player and type in the name of the player for e.g Ricky Ponting, Sachin Tendulkar etc. This will bring up a page which have the profile number for the player e.g. for Sachin Tendulkar this would be http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/35320.html. Hence, Sachin’s profile is 35320. This can be used to get the data for Tendulkar as shown below

The cricketr package is now available from CRAN!!! You should be able to install directly with

### 1. Install the cricketr package

``````if (!require("cricketr")){
install.packages("cricketr",lib = "c:/test")
}
library(cricketr)``````

The cricketr package includes some pre-packaged sample (.csv) files. You can use these sample to test functions as shown below

``````# Retrieve the file path of a data file installed with cricketr
#pathToFile <- system.file("data", "tendulkar.csv", package = "cricketr")
#batsman4s(pathToFile, "Sachin Tendulkar")

# The general format is pkg-function(pathToFile,par1,...)
#batsman4s(<path-To-File>,"Sachin Tendulkar")``````

“` The pre-packaged files can be accessed as shown above. To get the data of any player use the function in Test, ODI and Twenty20 use the following

### 2. For Test cricket

``#tendulkar <- getPlayerData(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkar.csv",type="batting",homeOrAway=c(1,2), result=c(1,2,4))``

### 2a. For ODI cricket

``#tendulkarOD <- getPlayerDataOD(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkarOD.csv",type="batting")``

### 2b For Twenty 20 cricket

``#tendulkarT20 <- getPlayerDataTT(35320,dir="..",file="tendulkarT20.csv",type="batting")``

## Analysis of batsmen

Important Note This needs to be done only once for a player. This function stores the player’s data in a CSV file (for e.g. tendulkar.csv as above) which can then be reused for all other functions. Once we have the data for the players many analyses can be done. This post will use the stored CSV file obtained with a prior getPlayerData for all subsequent analyses

## Sachin Tendulkar’s performance – Basic Analyses

The 3 plots below provide the following for Tendulkar

1. Frequency percentage of runs in each run range over the whole career
2. Mean Strike Rate for runs scored in the given range
3. A histogram of runs frequency percentages in runs ranges For example

### 3. Basic analyses

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
#batsmanRunsRanges("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
1. Player 1
2. Player 2
3. Player 3
4. Player 4

### 4. More analyses

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsman6s("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player1.csv","Player1")

# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsman6s("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player2.csv","Player2")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsman6s("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player3.csv","Player3")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")

dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsman4s("./player4.csv","Player4")
#batsman6s("./player4.csv","Player4")
#batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./player4.csv","Player4")
# For ODI and T20
#batsmanScoringRateODTT("./player1.csv","Player1")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

Note: For mean strike rate in ODI and Twenty20 use the function batsmanScoringRateODTT()

### 5.Boxplot histogram plot

This plot shows a combined boxplot of the Runs ranges and a histogram of the Runs Frequency

``````#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfBoxHist("./player4.csv","Player4")``````

### 6. Contribution to won and lost matches

For the 2 functions below you will have to use the getPlayerDataSp() function. I have commented this as I already have these files. This function can only be used for Test matches

``````#player1sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player1sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player2sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player2sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player3sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player3sp.csv",ttype="batting")
#player4sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="player4sp.csv",ttype="batting")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player1sp.csv","Player1")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player2sp.csv","Player2")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player3sp.csv","Player3")
#batsmanContributionWonLost("player4sp.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 7, Performance at home and overseas

This function also requires the use of getPlayerDataSp() as shown above. This can only be used for Test matches

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player1sp.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player2sp.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player3sp.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfHomeAway("player4sp.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 8. Batsman average at different venues

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanAvgRunsGround("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 9. Batsman average against different opposition

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 10. Runs Likelihood of batsman

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanRunsLikelihood("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 11. Moving Average of runs in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanMovingAverage("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 12. Cumulative Average runs of batsman in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 13. Cumulative Average strike rate of batsman in career

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player3.csv","Ponting")
#batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 14. Future Runs forecast

Here are plots that forecast how the batsman will perform in future. In this case 90% of the career runs trend is uses as the training set. the remaining 10% is the test set.

A Holt-Winters forecating model is used to forecast future performance based on the 90% training set. The forecated runs trend is plotted. The test set is also plotted to see how close the forecast and the actual matches

Take a look at the runs forecasted for the batsman below.

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player1.csv","Player1")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player2.csv","Player2")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player3.csv","Player3")
#batsmanPerfForecast("./player4.csv","Player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 15. Relative Mean Strike Rate plot

The plot below compares the Mean Strike Rate of the batsman for each of the runs ranges of 10 and plots them. The plot indicate the following

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeBatsmanSR(frames,names)``````

### 16. Relative Runs Frequency plot

The plot below gives the relative Runs Frequency Percetages for each 10 run bucket. The plot below show

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeRunsFreqPerf(frames,names)``````

### 17. Relative cumulative average runs in career

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)``````

### 18. Relative cumulative average strike rate in career

``````frames <- list("./player1.csv","./player2.csv","player3.csv","player4.csv")
names <- list("Player1","Player2","Player3","player4")
#relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)``````

### 19. Check Batsman In-Form or Out-of-Form

The below computation uses Null Hypothesis testing and p-value to determine if the batsman is in-form or out-of-form. For this 90% of the career runs is chosen as the population and the mean computed. The last 10% is chosen to be the sample set and the sample Mean and the sample Standard Deviation are caculated.

The Null Hypothesis (H0) assumes that the batsman continues to stay in-form where the sample mean is within 95% confidence interval of population mean The Alternative (Ha) assumes that the batsman is out of form the sample mean is beyond the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.

A significance value of 0.05 is chosen and p-value us computed If p-value >= .05 – Batsman In-Form If p-value < 0.05 – Batsman Out-of-Form

Note Ideally the p-value should be done for a population that follows the Normal Distribution. But the runs population is usually left skewed. So some correction may be needed. I will revisit this later

This is done for the Top 4 batsman

``````#checkBatsmanInForm("./player1.csv","Player1")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player2.csv","Player2")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player3.csv","Player3")
#checkBatsmanInForm("./player4.csv","Player4")``````

### 20. 3D plot of Runs vs Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

The plot is a scatter plot of Runs vs Balls faced and Minutes at Crease. A prediction plane is fitted

``````par(mfrow=c(1,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#battingPerf3d("./player1.csv","Player1")
#battingPerf3d("./player2.csv","Player2")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#battingPerf3d("./player3.csv","Player3")
#battingPerf3d("./player4.csv","player4")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 21. Predicting Runs given Balls Faced and Minutes at Crease

A multi-variate regression plane is fitted between Runs and Balls faced +Minutes at crease.

``````BF <- seq( 10, 400,length=15)
Mins <- seq(30,600,length=15)
newDF <- data.frame(BF,Mins)
#Player1 <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player1.csv","Player1",newdataframe=newDF)
#Player2 <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player2.csv","Player2",newdataframe=newDF)
#ponting <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player3.csv","Player3",newdataframe=newDF)
#sangakkara <- batsmanRunsPredict("./player4.csv","Player4",newdataframe=newDF)``````
``````#batsmen <-cbind(round(Player1\$Runs),round(Player2\$Runs),round(Player3\$Runs),round(Player4\$Runs))
#colnames(batsmen) <- c("Player1","Player2","Player3","Player4")
#newDF <- data.frame(round(newDF\$BF),round(newDF\$Mins))
#colnames(newDF) <- c("BallsFaced","MinsAtCrease")
#predictedRuns <- cbind(newDF,batsmen)
#predictedRuns``````

## Analysis of bowlers

1. Bowler1
2. Bowler2
3. Bowler3
4. Bowler4

player1 <- getPlayerData(xxxx,dir=“..”,file=“player1.csv”,type=“bowling”) Note For One day you will have to use getPlayerDataOD() and for Twenty20 it is getPlayerDataTT()

### 21. Wicket Frequency Plot

This plot below computes the percentage frequency of number of wickets taken for e.g 1 wicket x%, 2 wickets y% etc and plots them as a continuous line

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerWktsFreqPercent("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 22. Wickets Runs plot

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerWktsRunsPlot("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 23. Average wickets at different venues

``#bowlerAvgWktsGround("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")``

### 24. Average wickets against different opposition

``#bowlerAvgWktsOpposition("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")``

### 25. Wickets taken moving average

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerMovingAverage("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")

dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 26. Cumulative Wickets taken

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgWickets("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 27. Cumulative Economy rate

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 28. Future Wickets forecast

Here are plots that forecast how the bowler will perform in future. In this case 90% of the career wickets trend is used as the training set. the remaining 10% is the test set.

A Holt-Winters forecating model is used to forecast future performance based on the 90% training set. The forecated wickets trend is plotted. The test set is also plotted to see how close the forecast and the actual matches

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#bowlerPerfForecast("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 29. Contribution to matches won and lost

As discussed above the next 2 charts require the use of getPlayerDataSp(). This can only be done for Test matches

``````#bowler1sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler1sp.csv",ttype="bowling")
#bowler2sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler2sp.csv",ttype="bowling")
#bowler3sp <- getPlayerDataSp(xxxx,tdir=".",tfile="bowler3sp.csv",ttype="bowling")``````
``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler1sp","Bowler1")
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler2sp","Bowler2")
#bowlerContributionWonLost("bowler3sp","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 30. Performance home and overseas.

This can only be done for Test matches

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler1sp","Bowler1")
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler2sp","Bowler2")
#bowlerPerfHomeAway("bowler3sp","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

### 31 Relative Wickets Frequency Percentage

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlingPerf(frames,names)``````

### 32 Relative Economy Rate against wickets taken

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlingER(frames,names)``````

### 33 Relative cumulative average wickets of bowlers in career

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgWickets(frames,names)``````

### 34 Relative cumulative average economy rate of bowlers

``````frames <- list("./bowler1.csv","./bowler3.csv","bowler2.csv")
names <- list("Bowler1","Bowler3","Bowler2")
#relativeBowlerCumulativeAvgEconRate(frames,names)``````

### 35 Check for bowler in-form/out-of-form

The below computation uses Null Hypothesis testing and p-value to determine if the bowler is in-form or out-of-form. For this 90% of the career wickets is chosen as the population and the mean computed. The last 10% is chosen to be the sample set and the sample Mean and the sample Standard Deviation are caculated.

The Null Hypothesis (H0) assumes that the bowler continues to stay in-form where the sample mean is within 95% confidence interval of population mean The Alternative (Ha) assumes that the bowler is out of form the sample mean is beyond the 95% confidence interval of the population mean.

A significance value of 0.05 is chosen and p-value us computed If p-value >= .05 – Batsman In-Form If p-value < 0.05 – Batsman Out-of-Form

Note Ideally the p-value should be done for a population that follows the Normal Distribution. But the runs population is usually left skewed. So some correction may be needed. I will revisit this later

Note: The check for the form status of the bowlers indicate

``````#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler1.csv","Bowler1")
#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler2.csv","Bowler2")
#checkBowlerInForm("./bowler3.csv","Bowler3")
dev.off()``````
``````## null device
##           1``````

# The Clash of the Titans in Test and ODI cricket

Who looks outside, dreams; who looks inside, awakes.
Show me a sane man and I will cure him for you.

``            Carl Jung ``

We’re made of star stuff. We are a way for the cosmos to know itself.
If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe.

``            Carl Sagan``

## Introduction

The biggest nag in the collective psyche of cricketing fraternity these days, is whether Virat Kohli has surpassed Sachin Tendulkar. This question has been troubling cricket lovers the world over and particularly in India, for quite a while. This nagging question has only grown stronger with Kohli’s 41st ODI century and with Michael Vaughan bestowing the GOAT title to Virat Kohli for ODI cricket. Hence, I decided to do my bit in addressing this, by doing analysis of Kohli’s and Tendulkar’s performance in ODI cricket. I also wanted to address the the best among the cricketing idols of India in Test cricket, namely Sunil Gavaskar, Sachin Tendulkar and Virat Kohli. Hence this post has 2 parts

1. Analysis of Tendulkar, Gavaskar and Kohli in Test cricket
2. Analysis of Tendulkar and Kohli in ODIs

In this post, I analyze the performances of these titans in Test and ODI cricket using my R package cricketr. While some may feel that comparisons are not possible as these batsmen are from different eras. To some extent this is true. I would give some leeway to Gavaskar as he had to bat in a pre-helmet era. But with Tendulkar and Kohli a fair and objective comparison is possible. There were pre-eminient bowlers in the times of Tendulkar as there are now.

From the analysis below, it can be seen that Tendulkar is ahead  of everybody else in Test cricket. However it must be noted that Tendulkar’s performance deteriorated towards the end of his career. Such was not the case with Gavaskar. Kohli has some catching up to do and he still has a lot of Test cricket in him.

In ODI Kohli can be seen to pulling ahead of Tendulkar in several aspects.

My R package cricketr can be installed directly from CRAN and you can use it analyze cricketers.

This package uses the statistics info available in ESPN Cricinfo Statsguru. The current version of this package supports all formats of the game including Test, ODI and Twenty20 versions.

You should be able to install the package from GitHub and use the many functions available in the package. Please mindful of the ESPN Cricinfo Terms of Use

Important note 1: The latest release of ‘cricketr’ now includes the ability to analyze performances of teams now!!  See Cricketr adds team analytics to its repertoire!!!

Important note 2 : Cricketr can now do a more fine-grained analysis of players, see Cricketr learns new tricks : Performs fine-grained analysis of players

Important note 3: Do check out the python avatar of cricketr, ‘cricpy’ in my post ‘Introducing cricpy:A python package to analyze performances of cricketers

Take a look at my short video tutorial on my R package cricketr on Youtube – R package cricketr – A short tutorial

Do check out my interactive Shiny app implementation using the cricketr package – Sixer – R package cricketr’s new Shiny avatar

Note 1: If you would like to do a similar analysis for a different set of batsman and bowlers, you can clone/download my skeleton cricketr templatefrom Github (which is the R Markdown file I have used for the analysis below).

Note 2: I sprinkle the charts with my observations. Feel free to look at them more closely and come to your conclusions.

If you are passionate about cricket, and love analyzing cricket performances, then check out my racy book on cricket ‘Cricket analytics with cricketr and cricpy – Analytics harmony with R & Python’! This book discusses and shows how to use my R package ‘cricketr’ and my Python package ‘cricpy’ to analyze batsmen and bowlers in all formats of the game (Test, ODI and T20). The paperback is available on Amazon at \$21.99 and  the kindle version at \$9.99/Rs 449/-. A must read for any cricket lover! Check it out!!

Important note: Do check out the python avatar of cricketr, ‘cricpy’ in my post Introducing cricpy:A python package to analyze performances of cricketers

### 1 Load the cricketr package

``````if (!require("cricketr")){
install.packages("cricketr",lib = "c:/test")
}
library(cricketr)``````

## A Test cricket  – Analysis of Gavaskar, Tendulkar and Kohli

### 2. Get player data

``````tendulkar <- getPlayerData(35320,dir=".",file="tendulkar.csv",type="batting")
kohli <- getPlayerData(253802,dir=".",file="kohli.csv",type="batting")
gavaskar <- getPlayerData(28794,dir=".",file="gavaskar.csv",type="batting")``````

### 3a. Basic analyses for Tendulkar

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
batsmanRunsRanges("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``dev.off()``

### 3b Basic analyses for Kohli

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./kohli.csv","Kohli")
batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./kohli.csv","Kohli")
batsmanRunsRanges("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``````
``dev.off()``

### 3c Basic analyses for Gavaskar

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")
batsmanMeanStrikeRate("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")
batsmanRunsRanges("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")``````
``dev.off()``

### 4a.More analyses for Tendulkar

It can be seen that Tendulkar and Gavaskar has been bowled more often than Kohli. Also Kohli does not have as many sixes in Test cricket as Tendulkar and Gavaskar

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsman4s("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
batsman6s("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
batsmanDismissals("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``dev.off()``

### 4b. More analyses for Kohli

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsman4s("./kohli.csv","Kohli")
batsman6s("./kohli.csv","Kohli")
batsmanDismissals("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``````
``dev.off()``

### 4c More analyses for Gavaskar

``````par(mfrow=c(1,3))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsman4s("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")
batsman6s("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")
batsmanDismissals("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")``````
``dev.off()``

### 5 Performance of batsmen on different grounds

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanAvgRunsGround("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanAvgRunsGround("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``
``````batsmanAvgRunsGround("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")
``````

a

``#dev.off()``

### 6. Performance if batsmen against different Opposition

1. Tendulkar averages 50 against the following countries – Australia, Bangladesh, England, Sri Lanka, West Indies and Zimbabwe
2. Kohli average almost 50 against all the nations he has played – Australia, Bangladesh, England, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and West Indies
3. Gavaskar averages 50 against Australia, Pakistan, West Indies, Sri Lanka
``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``
``batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")``

### 7. Get player data special

This is required for the next 2 function calls

``````tendulkarsp <- getPlayerDataSp(35320,tdir=".",tfile="tendulkarsp.csv",ttype="batting")
kohlisp <- getPlayerDataSp(253802,tdir=".",tfile="kohlisp.csv",ttype="batting")
gavaskarsp <- getPlayerDataSp(28794,tdir=".",tfile="gavaskarsp.csv",ttype="batting")

#dev.off()``````

### 8 Get contribution of batsmen in matches won and lost

Kohli contribution has had an equal contribution in won and lost matches. Tendulkar’s runs seem to have not helped in winning as much as only 50% of matches he has played have been won

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

batsmanContributionWonLost("tendulkarsp.csv","Tendulkar")
batsmanContributionWonLost("./kohlisp.csv","Kohli")
batsmanContributionWonLost("./gavaskarsp.csv","Gavaskar")
``````

a

### 9 Performance of batsmen at home and overseas

The boxplots show that Kohli performs better overseas than at home. The 3rd quartile is higher, though the median seems to lower overseas. For Tendulkar the performance is similar both ways. Gavaskar’s median runs scored overseas is higher.

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

batsmanPerfHomeAway("tendulkarsp.csv","Tendulkar")
batsmanPerfHomeAway("./kohlisp.csv","Kohli")
batsmanPerfHomeAway("./gavaskarsp.csv","Gavaskar")

``````

### 10. Moving average of runs

Gavaskar’s moving average was very good at the time of his retirement. Kohli seems to be going very strong. Tendulkar’s performance shows signs of deterioration around the time of his retirement.

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

batsmanMovingAverage("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")
batsmanMovingAverage("./kohli.csv","Kohli")
batsmanMovingAverage("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")

#dev.off()``````

### 11 Boxplot and histogram of runs

Kohli has a marginally higher average (50.69) than Tendulkar (48.65) while Gavaskar 46. The median runs are same for Tendulkar and Kohli at 32

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanPerfBoxHist("./tendulkar.csv","Sachin Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanPerfBoxHist("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``
``batsmanPerfBoxHist("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")``

### 12 Cumulative average Runs for batsmen

Looking at the cumulative average runs we can see a gradual drop in the cumulative average for Tendulkar while Kohli and Gavaskar’s performance seems to be getting better

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``
``batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")``

### 13. Cumulative average strike rate of batsmen

Tendulkar’s strike rate is better than Kohli and Gavaskar

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``
``batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")``

### 14 Performance forecast of batsmen

The forecasted performance for Kohli and Gavaskar is higher than that of Tendulkar

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanPerfForecast("./tendulkar.csv","Sachin Tendulkar")
batsmanPerfForecast("./kohli.csv","Kohli")
batsmanPerfForecast("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")

#dev.off()``````

### 15. Relative strike rate of batsmen

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

frames <- list("./tendulkar.csv","./kohli.csv","gavaskar.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli","Gavaskar")
relativeBatsmanSR(frames,names)``````
``````#dev.off()

``````

### 16. Relative Runs frequency of batsmen

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
frames <- list("./tendulkar.csv","./kohli.csv","gavaskar.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli","Gavaskar")
relativeRunsFreqPerf(frames,names)``````
``````#dev.off()
``````

### 17. Relative cumulative average runs of batsmen

Tendulkar leads the way here, but it can be seem Kohli catching up.

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
frames <- list("./tendulkar.csv","./kohli.csv","gavaskar.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli","Gavaskar")
relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)``````
``````#dev.off()
``````

### 18. Relative cumulative average strike rate

Tendulkar has better strike rate than the other two.

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
frames <- list("./tendulkar.csv","./kohli.csv","gavaskar.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli","Gavaskar")
relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)``````
``````#dev.off()
``````

### 19. Check batsman in form

As in the moving average and performance forecast and cumulative average runs, Kohli and Gavaskar are in-form while Tendulkar was out-of-form towards the end.

``checkBatsmanInForm("./tendulkar.csv","Sachin Tendulkar")``
``````## [1] "**************************** Form status of Sachin Tendulkar ****************************
\n\n Population size: 294  Mean of population: 50.48 \n Sample size: 33  Mean of sample: 32.42 SD of
sample: 29.8 \n\n Null hypothesis H0 : Sachin Tendulkar 's sample average is within 95% confidence interval
of population average\n Alternative hypothesis Ha : Sachin Tendulkar 's sample average is below
the 95% confidence interval of population average\n\n
Sachin Tendulkar 's Form Status: Out-of-Form because the p value: 0.000713  is less than alpha=  0.05 \n *******************************************************************************************\n\n"``````
``checkBatsmanInForm("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``
``````## [1] "**************************** Form status of Kohli ****************************\n\n Population size: 117
Mean of population: 50.35 \n Sample size: 13  Mean of sample: 53.77 SD of sample: 46.15 \n\n Null
hypothesis H0 : Kohli 's sample average is within 95% confidence interval of population average\n
Alternative hypothesis Ha : Kohli 's sample average is below the 95% confidence interval of population
average\n\n Kohli 's Form Status: In-Form because the p value: 0.603244  is greater than alpha=  0.05 \n *******************************************************************************************\n\n"``````
``checkBatsmanInForm("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")``
``````## [1] "**************************** Form status of Gavaskar ****************************\n\n
Population size: 125  Mean of population: 44.67 \n Sample size: 14  Mean of sample: 57.86 SD of sample:
58.55 \n\n Null hypothesis H0 : Gavaskar 's sample average is within 95% confidence interval of population
average\n Alternative hypothesis Ha : Gavaskar 's sample average is below the 95% confidence interval of
population average\n\n Gavaskar 's Form Status: In-Form because the p value: 0.793276  is greater
than alpha=  0.05 \n *******************************************************************************************\n\n"``````
``#dev.off()``

### 20. Performance 3D

A 3D regression plane is fitted between the the Balls faced, Minutes at crease and Runs scored

``````par(mfrow=c(2,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
battingPerf3d("./tendulkar.csv","Sachin Tendulkar")
battingPerf3d("./kohli.csv","Kohli")
battingPerf3d("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")
#dev.off()``````

### 20. Runs likelihood

This functions computes the K-Means and determines the runs the batsmen are likely to score.

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanRunsLikelihood("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``````## Summary of  Tendulkar 's runs scoring likelihood
## **************************************************
##
## There is a 16.51 % likelihood that Tendulkar  will make  139 Runs in  251 balls over 353  Minutes
## There is a 25.08 % likelihood that Tendulkar  will make  66 Runs in  122 balls over  167  Minutes
## There is a 58.41 % likelihood that Tendulkar  will make  16 Runs in  31 balls over 44  Minutes``````
``batsmanRunsLikelihood("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``
``````## Summary of  Kohli 's runs scoring likelihood
## **************************************************
##
## There is a 20 % likelihood that Kohli  will make  143 Runs in  232 balls over 330  Minutes
## There is a 33.85 % likelihood that Kohli  will make  51 Runs in  92 balls over  127  Minutes
## There is a 46.15 % likelihood that Kohli  will make  11 Runs in  24 balls over 31  Minutes``````
``batsmanRunsLikelihood("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar")``
``````## Summary of  Gavaskar 's runs scoring likelihood
## **************************************************
##
## There is a 33.81 % likelihood that Gavaskar  will make  69 Runs in  159 balls over 214  Minutes
## There is a 8.63 % likelihood that Gavaskar  will make  172 Runs in  364 balls over  506  Minutes
## There is a 57.55 % likelihood that Gavaskar  will make  13 Runs in  35 balls over 48  Minutes``````

### 21. Predict runs for a random combination of Balls faced and runs scored

``````BF <- seq( 10, 400,length=15)
Mins <- seq(30,600,length=15)
newDF <- data.frame(BF,Mins)
tendulkar <- batsmanRunsPredict("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar",newdataframe=newDF)
kohli <- batsmanRunsPredict("./kohli.csv","Kohli",newdataframe=newDF)
gavaskar <- batsmanRunsPredict("./gavaskar.csv","Gavaskar",newdataframe=newDF)
batsmen <-cbind(round(tendulkar\$Runs),round(kohli\$Runs),round(gavaskar\$Runs))
colnames(batsmen) <- c("Tendulkar","Kohli","Gavaskar")
newDF <- data.frame(round(newDF\$BF),round(newDF\$Mins))
colnames(newDF) <- c("BallsFaced","MinsAtCrease")
predictedRuns <- cbind(newDF,batsmen)
predictedRuns``````
``````##    BallsFaced MinsAtCrease Tendulkar Kohli Gavaskar
## 1          10           30         7     6        4
## 2          38           71        23    24       17
## 3          66          111        39    42       30
## 4          94          152        54    60       43
## 5         121          193        70    78       56
## 6         149          234        86    96       69
## 7         177          274       102   114       82
## 8         205          315       118   132       95
## 9         233          356       134   150      108
## 10        261          396       150   168      121
## 11        289          437       165   186      134
## 12        316          478       181   204      147
## 13        344          519       197   222      160
## 14        372          559       213   240      173
## 15        400          600       229   258      186``````
``#dev.off()``

## Key findings

1. Kohli has a marginally higher average than Tendulkar
2. Tendulkar has the best strike rate of all the 3.
3. The cumulative average runs and the performance forecast for Kohli and Gavaskar show an improving trend, while Tendulkar’s numbers deteriorate towards the end of his career
4. Kohli is fast catching up Tendulkar on cumulative average runs vs innings in career.

## B ODI Cricket – Analysis of Tendulkar and Kohli

The functions below get the ODI data for Tendulkar and Kohli as CSV files so that the analyses can be done

### 22 Get player data for ODIs

``````tendulkarOD <- getPlayerDataOD(35320,dir=".",file="tendulkarOD.csv",type="batting")
kohliOD <- getPlayerDataOD(253802,dir=".",file="kohliOD.csv",type="batting")

#dev.off()``````

### 23a Basic performance of Tendulkar in ODI

``````par(mfrow=c(3,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")
batsmanRunsRanges("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")
batsman4s("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")
batsman6s("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")
batsmanScoringRateODTT("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")
#dev.off()``````

### 23b. Basic performance of Kohli in ODI

``````par(mfrow=c(3,2))
par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanRunsFreqPerf("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")
batsmanRunsRanges("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")
batsman4s("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")
batsman6s("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")
batsmanScoringRateODTT("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")
#dev.off()``````

### 24. Performance forecast in ODIs

Kohli’s forecasted runs are much higher than Tendulkar’s in ODIs

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanPerfForecast("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanPerfForecast("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")``

### 25. Batting performance

A 3D regression plane is fitted between Balls faced, Minutes at crease and Runs scored.

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
battingPerf3d("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``battingPerf3d("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")``

### 26. Predicting runs scored for the ODI batsmen

Kohli will score runs than Tendulkar for the same minutes at crease and balls faced.

``````BF <- seq( 10, 200,length=10)
Mins <- seq(30,220,length=10)
newDF <- data.frame(BF,Mins)
tendulkarDF <- batsmanRunsPredict("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar",newdataframe=newDF)
kohliDF <- batsmanRunsPredict("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli",newdataframe=newDF)
batsmen <-cbind(round(tendulkarDF\$Runs),round(kohliDF\$Runs))
colnames(batsmen) <- c("Tendulkar","Kohli")
newDF <- data.frame(round(newDF\$BF),round(newDF\$Mins))
colnames(newDF) <- c("BallsFaced","MinsAtCrease")
predictedRuns <- cbind(newDF,batsmen)
predictedRuns``````
``````##    BallsFaced MinsAtCrease Tendulkar Kohli
## 1          10           30         7     8
## 2          31           51        26    28
## 3          52           72        45    48
## 4          73           93        64    68
## 5          94          114        83    88
## 6         116          136       102   108
## 7         137          157       121   128
## 8         158          178       140   149
## 9         179          199       159   169
## 10        200          220       178   189``````

### 27. Runs likelihood for the ODI batsmen

Tendulkar has clusters around 13, 53 and 111 runs while Kohli has clusters around 13, 63,116. So it more likely that Kohli will tend to score higher

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanRunsLikelihood("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``````## Summary of  Tendulkar 's runs scoring likelihood
## **************************************************
##
## There is a 18.09 % likelihood that Tendulkar  will make  111 Runs in  118 balls over 172  Minutes
## There is a 28.39 % likelihood that Tendulkar  will make  53 Runs in  63 balls over  95  Minutes
## There is a 53.52 % likelihood that Tendulkar  will make  13 Runs in  18 balls over 27  Minutes``````
``batsmanRunsLikelihood("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")``
``````## Summary of  Kohli 's runs scoring likelihood
## **************************************************
##
## There is a 31.41 % likelihood that Kohli  will make  63 Runs in  69 balls over 97  Minutes
## There is a 49.74 % likelihood that Kohli  will make  13 Runs in  18 balls over  24  Minutes
## There is a 18.85 % likelihood that Kohli  will make  116 Runs in  113 balls over 163  Minutes``````

### 28. Runs in different venues for the ODI batsmen

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanAvgRunsGround("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanAvgRunsGround("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")``

### 28. Runs against different opposition for the ODI batsmen

Tendulkar’s has 50+ average against Bermuda, Kenya and Namibia. While Kohli has a 50+ average against New Zealand, West Indies, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Bangladesh

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanAvgRunsOpposition("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")``

### 29. Moving average of runs for the ODI batsmen

Tendulkar’s moving average shows an improvement (50+) towards the end of his career, but Kohli shows a marked increase 60+ currently

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanMovingAverage("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanMovingAverage("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")``

### 30. Cumulative average runs of ODI batsmen

Tendulkar plateaus at 40+ while Kohli’s cumulative average runs goes up and up!!!

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanCumulativeAverageRuns("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")``

### 31 Cumulative strike rate of ODI batsmen

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))
batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./tendulkarOD.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``batsmanCumulativeStrikeRate("./kohliOD.csv","Kohli")``

### 32. Relative batsmen strike rate

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

frames <- list("./tendulkarOD.csv","./kohliOD.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli")
relativeBatsmanSRODTT(frames,names)``````
``````#dev.off()
``````

### 33. Relative Run Frequency percentages

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

frames <- list("./tendulkarOD.csv","./kohliOD.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli")
relativeRunsFreqPerfODTT(frames,names)``````
``````#dev.off()
``````

### 34. Relative cumulative average runs of ODI batsmen

Kohli breaks away from Tendulkar in cumulative average runs after 100 innings

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

frames <- list("./tendulkarOD.csv","./kohliOD.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli")
relativeBatsmanCumulativeAvgRuns(frames,names)``````
``````#dev.off()
``````

### 35. Relative cumulative strike rate of ODI batsmen

This seems to be tussle with Kohli having an edge till about 40 innings and then from 40+ to 180 innings Tendulkar leads. Kohli just seems to be edging forward.

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

frames <- list("./tendulkarOD.csv","./kohliOD.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli")
relativeBatsmanCumulativeStrikeRate(frames,names)``````
``````#dev.off()
``````

### 36. Batsmen 4s and 6s

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

frames <- list("./tendulkarOD.csv","./kohliOD.csv")
names <- list("Tendulkar","Kohli")
batsman4s6s(frames,names)``````
``````##                Tendulkar Kohli
## Runs(1s,2s,3s)     66.29 69.67
## 4s                 29.65 25.90
## 6s                  4.06  4.43``````
``#dev.off()``

### 37. Check ODI batsmen form

``````par(mar=c(4,4,2,2))

checkBatsmanInForm("./tendulkar.csv","Tendulkar")``````
``````## [1] "**************************** Form status of Tendulkar ********
********************\n\n Population size: 294  Mean of population: 50.48 \n
Sample size: 33  Mean of sample: 32.42 SD of sample: 29.8 \n\n
Null hypothesis H0 : Tendulkar 's sample average is within 95% confidence
interval of population average\n Alternative hypothesis
Ha : Tendulkar 's sample average is below the 95% confidence interval
of population average\n\n Tendulkar 's Form Status: Out-of-Form because the p value: 0.000713  is less than alpha=  0.05 \n *******************************************************************************************\n\n"``````
``checkBatsmanInForm("./kohli.csv","Kohli")``
``````## [1] "**************************** Form status of Kohli ***********
*****************\n\n Population size: 117  Mean of population: 50.35 \n
Sample size: 13  Mean of sample: 53.77 SD of sample: 46.15 \n\n
Null hypothesis H0 : Kohli 's sample average is within 95% confidence
interval of population average\n Alternative hypothesis
Ha : Kohli 's sample average is below the 95% confidence interval
of population average\n\n Kohli 's Form Status: In-Form because
the p value: 0.603244  is greater than alpha=  0.05 \n *******************************************************************************************\n\n"``````
``#dev.off()``

## Key Findings

1. Kohli has a better performance against oppositions like West Indies, South Africa and New Zealand
2. Kohli breaks away from Tendulkar in cumulative average runs
3. Tendulkar has been leading the strike rate rate but Kohli in recent times seems to be breaking loose.

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